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People wearing protective suits walk past the wreckage of a Greek F-16 fighter plane which crashed after taking off, inside the Los Llanos military base in Albacete, central Spain, Jan. 27, 2015.Sergio Perez/Reuters

The death toll from the crash of a Greek F-16 fighter jet during an elite NATO pilot training program rose to 11 on Tuesday after a French airman who suffered serious burns died, Spain's Defence Ministry said.

The death came as Spanish investigators probed what caused the jet to lose power during takeoff Monday and crash into five parked planes at the Los Llanos air base in southeastern Spain, triggering a series of explosions and a raging fire.

The crash "represents one of the greatest losses of life during a NATO training exercise in recent memory," said Lieutenant-Colonel Jay Janzen, a spokesman for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

Two pilots aboard the Greek F-16 were killed along with eight French air force members on the ground and the French airman who died Tuesday, the ministry said in a statement.

Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy promised his French and Greek counterparts "all the help my government can give in clarifying the facts" of what went wrong.

Twenty French and Italian citizens were injured and four remained hospitalized in Madrid undergoing treatment for severe burns, the ministry said.

French Defence Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian went to the crash site Tuesday afternoon with Spanish Defence Minister Pedro Morenes and they also visited some of the injured at a hospital.

The Greek F-16 pilots and other military personnel from seven NATO countries were taking part in an annual one-month training exercise called the Tactical Leadership Program.

Competition is fierce among experienced pilots for the program aimed at advancing their tactical ability so they can command large numbers of planes in the air.

The NATO countries who sent personnel to this year's program were Britain, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain and the United States.

Alan Clendenning reported from Madrid. John-Thor Dahlburg in Paris and Iain Sullivan in Albacete contributed to this report.

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