Every day, boats full of tourists and commuters float by a pale patch on the wall that lines the River Thames near Britain’s Houses of Parliament.
Few notice the concrete mark, or recognize it as evidence of how close London came to drowning during World War II. It is a piece of hidden history that has been uncovered by a team of professional and amateur archaeologists.
The patch was left by a secret squad of engineers and labourers who worked night after night during World War II to repair flood defenses hit in German air raids. As bombs fell and fires raged, the teams organized by engineer Thomas Peirson Frank used rubble, sandbags and finally concrete to mend breaches in the Thames wall that threatened the inundation of thousands of businesses and homes.
“It could have brought London to its knees very, very easily,” said Gustav Milne, director of the Thames Discovery Program, a project that brings together experts and volunteers to explore the archaeology of London’s river.
London burned during the war, but it never flooded, due in large measure to Frank, chief engineer for London County Council, and his crews.
But their story is little known obscured first by wartime secrecy, then by gradual forgetting.
That began to change when Milne and his team noticed the large concrete patch, 9 meters (30 feet) across at its widest, in the 19th—century river wall. Chunks of the wall’s granite parapet lie scattered along the muddy river foreshore nearby.
Deep in the London Metropolitan Archives, the researchers found files revealing the truth that had been hidden from Londoners during the war and later forgotten - the river wall was hit 121 times between 1940 and 1945, 84 of them during the Blitz of September 1940 to May 1941.
London was fortunate to have Frank, a ferociously well-organized and industrious civil servant who had served in World War I and by the 1930s was warning of the city’s vulnerability to floods.
When war broke out, Frank was put in charge of maintaining London’s roads and utilities. He set up four depots along the river, staffed by engineers and road-repair crews, augmented by troops from the Royal Engineers.
Each time the river defenses were hit, Frank’s teams were sent in, often while bombs were still falling and with little protective equipment.
Frank was knighted in 1942 for his work though details of his job were kept under wraps and later became president of the Institution of Civil Engineers. He died in 1951.
Now, he is finally receiving public recognition. On Wednesday a group of engineers and civic dignitaries will unveil a plaque commemorating Frank’s work near the patch on the wall. Londoners who come across it may pause and reflect on how narrowly the city avoided disaster.AP
