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Electric Vehicle Energy Harvesting/ Regeneration 2017-2037

The new key enabling technologies


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Electric Vehicles Make Their Own Electricity Now
As we move to the end game of energy independent electric aircraft, boats and land vehicles, this unique new report tells you how, where, why and when. Even conventional vehicles will benefit from these technologies in the meantime giving a seamless route to major commercial successes.
 
Researched this year and constantly updated, it explains and forecasts the technologies involved in this newly essential key enabling technology. EH/R will be as important and sometimes more important than motors, batteries and power electronics: fabulous opportunities await vehicle, parts and material manufacturers unplugging into this future.
 
The report clarifies the complexities and the future of both the technologies and the vehicles using the technologies with frank assessment revealing the promise for the future, the achievement now and the dead ends. Grasp the subject fast: derive your own slides easily.
 
The format of the report is an executive summary and conclusions sufficiently comprehensive to be read on its own, an introduction explaining terminology and options, chapters on the most promising technologies now and in the future - Electrodynamic, Photovoltaic, Triboelectric, Dielectric Elastomer Generator, Thermoelectric and Piezoelectric. It is shown how some are being proved in applications such as wave power but vehicle applications are in the roadmaps such as tires, sails, boat hulls and airship fabric that generate electricity and how many will combine into structural electronics. Components-in-a-box gives way to more reliable, more compact, lighter weight smart structural materials. It is all here.
 
Electric vehicles are creating more and more of their own electricity from daylight, wind and other sources including regeneration. Regeneration converts wasted heat and movement in the vehicle into electricity, as with a turbine in the exhaust. More elegantly, regeneration prevents wasted heat and movement in the first place as with regenerative suspension giving a better ride and longer range and flywheels replacing burning brake disks. Shock absorbers can create electricity that controls them to give a smoother ride. Yes, it does make sense. Indeed it is the future.
 
Existing key enabling technologies will move over within the decade to add the new one - energy harvesting including regeneration. Within 20 years it will become a huge business as tens of millions of vehicles yearly are made as Energy Independent Vehicles EIV that get all their electricity without plugging in. The report explains many new EH technologies coming along including triboelectrics, thermal metamaterials, affordable GaAs photovoltaics, flywheels and dielectric elastomer nanogenerators. With these, energy harvesting will be the most important technology of all and much of it will be a materials play. Increasingly the energy companies and charging networks will be bypassed completely by the land, water and airborne vehicles starting to appear now. We reveal the significance of breakthroughs by little known vehicle and material companies such as Hanergy, Inergy, Sunnyclist, Sion, Nanowinn and others as we interview them from Greece to China, Australia to Canada and the UK.
 
Multi-mode energy harvesting is analysed and recommended: it reduces and sometimes eliminates the need for those expensive, bulky, heavy batteries that do not last long enough. Even multi-mode harvesting e-textiles and plastic film are in prospect. Think car seats to bodywork and tires.
 
The report is supported by a detailed 20 year technological roadmap and ten year forecasts of electric vehicles in 46 categories embracing on-road and off-road, on-water and underwater, manned and unmanned versions. Only IDTechEx has that detail. When you look at this big picture, the potential for both technology and vehicle suppliers is far greater than it first seems to be. This is the only report to look at all the technologies and all of the vehicles that will adopt them. It is authoritative: for example we just had extended discussions with the research teams of top vehicle manufacturers on the subject when we accepted invitations to present to them in both the USA and Japan.
 
The PhD level IDTechEx analysts are mostly multi-lingual and they are strategically placed in the Japan, the USA, Germany, the UK and elsewhere and they all travel intensively. IDTechEx events on the subject - including the largest in the world on energy harvesting - give us the inside track too. Dr Peter Harrop has reported on EVs for 20 years: he is globally recognised as a leading expert.
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Table of Contents
1.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1.Perfect storm will bring massive shakeout
1.2.Energy harvesting: the new key enabling technology
1.2.1.Features of energy harvesting
1.2.2.Market drivers for energy harvesting
1.3.Next big thing
1.4.Energy independent vehicles are the end game
1.4.1.Leveraging technologies
1.4.2.Megatrend: Structural electronics leverages certain types of EH
1.5.Electric vehicle powertrain evolution: typical figures expected for cars
1.6.Key enabling technologies by powertrain
1.7.Relative importance of powertrain and autonomy hardware markets 2017-2037
1.8.EH choices in action for land, water and airborne vehicles
1.9.Energy harvesting sources for vehicles land, water, air: typical location
1.10.Energy harvesting technology choices for vehicles land, water, air
1.10.1.Harvesting technologies now and in future for on-road vehicles
1.10.2.Harvesting technologies now and in future for marine vehicles
1.10.3.Harvesting technologies now and in future for air vehicles
1.11.Key enabling technology for EV: useful for conventional vehicles too
1.11.1.Vital for the energy independence end game
1.11.2.Very useful on conventional vehicles: helps meet tough new emissions laws
1.11.3.Creating electricity using on-board equipment: emerging toolkit for ICE vehicles
1.12.Examples of energy harvesting adoption
1.12.1.Tesla
1.12.2.BYD
1.12.3.Here comes GaAs thin film PV over 1kW: Hanergy EIV cars
1.12.4.Here comes multiple external energy harvesting: IFEVS EIV pizza van self-powers travel, oven, lighting
1.13.Addressable market
1.14.IDTechEx EV and 48V mild hybrid global forecasts number K 2017-2027
1.15.IDTechEx EV and 48V mild hybrid global forecasts $ billion 2017-2027
1.16.EH vehicle technology roadmap 2017-2037: dates when commonplace
1.17.Toyota view in 2017 with image of the new Prius Prime solar roof
1.18.Electric Car Takeoff
1.19.Combining photovoltaic with optically active windows
1.20.Energy-harvesting shock absorber
1.21.Rigid solar EnergySail set for sea trials in 2018
1.22.Energy independent ship opportunity
2.INTRODUCTION
2.1.Energy harvesting (EH) definition and overview
2.2.Types of EH energy source
2.3.End game is energy independent pure electric not dynamic charging
2.4.Examples of energy harvesting adoption
2.5.Energy harvesting is an immature industry
2.6.Candidates for EH by power
2.7.One business land, water, air - hybrid and pure electric
2.8.Gaps in the market: kW level regeneration potential in a car
2.9.Importance of multi-mode energy harvesting
3.TECHNOLOGIES
3.1.EH transducer options compared
3.1.1.EH technology choice by intermittent power generated
3.1.2.EH transducer options compared
3.1.3.EH transducer materials opportunities. Grey shows substantial markets already
3.1.4.Experimental EH transducer options compared with the four winners so far
3.2.Rated power vs energy stored by technology
3.3.EH system architecture
3.4.Low power vs high power off-grid
3.5.Regional differences are changing
3.6.Relative benefits of EH technologies vs needs
3.7.Comparison of desirable features of EH technologies
3.8.Thermal metamaterial
4.ELECTRODYNAMIC
4.1.Electrodynamic EH W-MW: rotating electrical machines
4.2.REM technology options
4.3.The vehicle opportunity for motor-generators increasingly two or three per vehicle
4.4.Typical powertrain components and regenerative braking
4.5.Trend to integration in vehicles
4.6.Next generation motor generators, turbine EH in vehicles
4.6.1.TIGERS Turbogenerator Integrated Gas Energy Recovery System
4.7.3D and 6D movement
4.8.Electrodynamic regenerative suspension
4.9.Airborne Wind Energy AWE
4.10.Flettner rotor
5.PHOTOVOLTAIC
5.1.Technology: Photovoltaics
5.2.pn junction vs alternatives
5.3.Nantenna-diode
5.4.Important photovoltaic parameters
5.5.Some choices between the popular silicon and the most efficient GaAs (up to 41%) are compared below
5.6.Tightly rollable, foldable, stretchable PV will come
5.7.Energy-collecting windows - one step closer to reality
6.THERMOELECTRIC
6.1.Overview: AIST, Toyota, Komatsu etc
6.2.Yamaha Japan and DLR Germany in 2017
7.ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY HARVESTING: TRIBOELECTRIC, DEG CAPACITIVE INCLUDING ELECTRET
7.1.Electrostatics in energy harvesting
7.2.Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) operating principle and device optimisation
7.2.1.Contact and sliding modes compared
7.2.2.Single electrode and contactless modes compared
7.2.3.Four ways to make a TENG
7.2.4.TENG modes with advantages, potential uses
7.2.5.Research focus on the four modes
7.2.6.Key issues to address
7.3.Capacitive electrostatic including Dielectric Elastomer Generators DEG
7.3.1.Capacitive electrostatic: sliding option
7.3.2.Dielectric elastomers: squash the capacitor to make electricity
7.3.3.Capacitive flexible and electret
7.3.4.Creating electricity from ocean waves: best places West Coast of North America, UK, Japan
7.3.5.Creating electricity from ocean waves: the dilemma
7.3.6.High power capacitive wave power trials using electroactive polymer EAP ie dielectric elastomer
8.EIVS AND PRECURSORS
8.1.EV end game: Energy Independent Vehicles EIV
8.2.EIV operational choices
9.EIVS AND PRECURSORS ON LAND, ON-ROAD
9.1.Stella Lux passenger car Netherlands
9.2.Here comes GaAs PV: University of Cambridge, UK
9.3.Sunswift eVe passenger car Australia
9.4.Immortus passenger car Australia
9.5.POLYMODEL micro EV Italy
9.6.Venturi Eclectic passenger car Italy
9.7.Dalian tourist bus China
9.8.NFH-H microbus China
9.9.Kayoola large bus Uganda
9.10.Cargo Trike micro EV UK
9.11.Sunnyclist Greece
9.12.Hanergy China
9.13.Sion Germany
9.14.Lightyear Netherlands
9.15.Funding for development of lightweight solar modules on vehicles
9.16.Solar motor home
10.EIVS AND PRECURSORS ON LAND, OFF-ROAD
10.1.These types as Energy Independent Vehicles EIV: microbus, power chair, delivery e-bike, agrobot, microcar
10.2.Vinerobot micro EV Europe
11.EIVS AND PRECURSORS ON WATER SEAGOING
11.1.REPSAIL boat Poland, Turkey etc
11.2.MARS boat UK
11.3.RENSEA boat Iceland, Norway, Sweden
11.4.Turanor boat Germany
11.5.Vaka Moana boat Netherlands
11.6.Sun21 boat Switzerland
12.EIVS AND PRECURSORS SEAGOING UNDERWATER
12.1.Seaglider AUV boat USA
12.2.Cyro AUV jellyfish USA
13.EIVS AND PRECURSORS INLAND WATER
13.1.Solar racing boats Netherlands
13.2.Loon boat Canada
13.3.EIV or similar - boat Alster Sun Netherlands
14.EIVS AND PRECURSORS AIRBORNE INFLATABLE
14.1.Solar Ship EIV inflatable fixed wing aircraft Canada Autonomous, sun alone
14.2.Solar Ship inflatable fixed wing aircraft Canada
14.3.Northrop Grumman airship USA
14.4.Mitre DARPA airship USA
14.5.HALE-D airship USA
15.EIVS AND PRECURSORS FIXED WING
15.1.Atlantik Solar 2/ SunToucher in 2016 UAV Switzerland
15.2.Zephyr 7 UAV UK, Germany
15.3.Titan Aerospace UAV USA
15.4.Solar Eagle UAV USA
15.5.Aquila UAV USA, UK
15.6.Silent Falcon UAV USA
 

Report Statistics

Slides 191
Forecasts to 2027
 
 
 
 

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