If your flight is canceled, does your airline still have an obligation to get you to your destination on time?
A refund? Dagostino, a retired teacher from Oak Park, Ill., had a better idea: Why not transfer her tickets to another airline so they could make it to the wedding anniversary celebration they were supposed to attend in Napa, Calif.? But that’s not how it works. Frontier was only required to either refund the ticket or send the Dagostinos on its next flight with available seats.
“I found another flight on United Airlines and booked it myself,” she says.
Airline reciprocity, or the idea that carriers should accept each other’s tickets, is a hot-button issue in Washington now. It became a regulatory cause célèbre this summer after the mass cancellations caused by the IT meltdowns at Southwest Airlines and Delta Air Lines, which left thousands of air travelers stranded. Consumer advocates support reciprocity; airlines are opposed to it.
Analysts say it might be difficult to force reciprocity on the airline industry, but there are ways to persuade airlines to honor each other’s tickets on a case-by-case basis. During the disruptions, for example, some Delta and Southwest passengers were re-booked on other airlines at no charge, even though neither carrier was legally required to do so.
But maybe they should be, some consumer advocates say. They’re urging the Transportation Department and Federal Aviation Administration to issue an emergency order to immediately reinstate the reciprocity rule when an airline cancels or delays flights. Officials say the request is being reviewed.
The airline contract of carriage, the legal agreement between the passenger and airline, specifically says the airline isn't required to keep its schedule. That's wrong, says Paul Hudson, president of FlyersRights.org, the advocacy group spearheading the reciprocity effort.
“To force passengers to reschedule on the airline’s time frame, due to an airline error, is completely unreasonable,” he says. “In the instance of a computer outage, the airline should offer a full refund or re-book flights at no additional cost.”
Many airlines say a new rule is unnecessary. Jean Medina, a spokeswoman for A4A, a trade group that represents many major domestic airlines, says that during the latest IT outage, carriers either refunded tickets or re-booked their passengers without charging them extra. "Proposals to re-regulate the industry, such as a mandatory reciprocity rule, would be a disincentive for airlines to improve and compete on service quality, and it would make flying more expensive," Medina says.
Reciprocity was never a government requirement. Rather, it was part of an old airline contract called Rule 240, which outlined what carriers would do for passengers whose flights were delayed or canceled. One of the Rule 240 requirements was something called “endorsing” a ticket to another carrier, which meant re-booking a passenger on another carrier at the airline’s own expense. And it could be expensive. Airlines typically charged each other the walk-up rate — the most expensive economy class ticket available — for a coach ticket.
Rule 240 faded away after deregulation. But insiders say that even before deregulation, the federal government lacked the statutory authority to require reciprocity, and, in all likelihood, it still does today. Advocates, such as Hudson, disagree and say they think the government must protect consumers against “unfair and deceptive” practices. Either way, issuing an emergency order would almost certainly invite a legal challenge.
As far as passengers are concerned, this conflict isn’t really about contracts or regulations. It’s about right and wrong. How can an airline sell a ticket from Point A to Point B and then walk away from its implied obligation?
Perhaps the most irritating part of this problem is a glaring double standard: An airline can change its own flight schedule and, at worst, it must refund the ticket. If air travelers change an itinerary, they have to pay change fees and fare differentials. They could lose the entire value of their tickets.
“This situation really needs to be changed so that passengers, through no fault of their own, aren’t left stranded,” says Jan Major, an attorney from Corte Madera, Calif., who recently was stuck after a flight cancellation. Although other airlines had flights to her final destination, her carrier, United, refused to endorse her ticket.
“With aircraft flying pretty much full these days, a cancellation will leave passengers on the canceled flight with few available seats to get to their destination,” she says.
Even if there’s no longer a Rule 240, there are ways to persuade your airline to endorse your ticket to another airline. If you have a complex itinerary with multiple connections or are an elite-level member of an airline’s loyalty program, the carrier is more likely to consider an endorsement. Also, if you’re traveling with young children or are disabled, and an overnight stay or a lengthy wait is likely, a carrier may consider “240’ing” you.
If reciprocity doesn’t become a requirement, airlines still need to do something, says Jonathan Keane, a managing director for Accenture’s aviation practice. “There is a recognition that airlines will have to do more to plan, prepare for and manage days with both minor and major disruption,” he says.
Keane and other experts admit that it’s a complicated issue. It’s a different airline industry today than when Rule 240 ruled the skies. It’s more competitive in many ways, more efficient — and more profitable.
“Airlines are operating with fewer spare seats than ever before,” he adds. “Their ability to accommodate disrupted passengers is therefore somewhat limited. While they may wish to help, they may not be in a position to do so.”
Elliott is a consumer advocate, journalist and co-founder of the advocacy group Travelers United. Email him at chris@elliott.org.
Correction: An earlier version of this article referred to Rule 240 as an FAA regulation. It was part of an agreement between the airlines and passengers.
Read more from Travel:
