Table of Contents
Table of Contents

How to Lay Off Staff

Be honest, be compassionate, and be quick.

One of the most unpleasant tasks a business owner or manager must face is having to terminate one or more employees. No matter the cause for dismissal, telling a worker that their services are no longer required is a difficult statement to make. You may cushion the blow with praise, you may justify it with numbers or you may cite the worker's poor performance as the reason, but no matter what you say to the fired employee and no matter how you explain it, the end result can be devastating to both parties involved.

For the worker, it means the end of regular income and probably the termination of company benefits, a 401(k), and other perks of the job. For the owner, CEO, or whoever announces the dismissal, it could mean firing a trusted, well-performing worker (or several of them) in a desperate attempt to cut costs. It won't be easy, but there are best practices. What so many successful CEOs, human resources leaders, and senior managers have advised when laying off an employee is simple: Be honest, be compassionate, and be quick.

Key Takeaways

  • No matter what words you use, telling an employee their services are no longer required is devastating to both parties.
  • Be honest, be compassionate, and be quick.
  • Never express anger or threaten to imperil the fired employee's chances of finding another job.

Wielding the 'Axe'

There are ways to make a termination easier for all concerned. Following these well-established general criteria for whom to dismiss, how to do it, and what—if anything—to provide to the person dismissed.

Before we discuss how to lay someone off, deciding whom to lay off is equally important. It is also important to consider the circumstances of the economy, the company doing the dismissal, and the financial condition of the company in question.

Assuming the economy is good and the company is profitable, there may be several reasons to terminate an employee.

  • For poor performance, including lack of punctuality, absenteeism, or failure to produce desired results
  • For resisting change
  • For negativism
  • For insubordination
  • For not conforming to company values
  • For questionable character or ethical lapses
  • For criminal acts

However, in a poor economy, decisions about whom to fire and why may be decided using other criteria. The employees marked for termination may include the following:

  • Higher salaried employees
  • Newly hired employees
  • The lower 10% on the work performance scale, a group Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric, often terminated—in both good times and bad. 
  • Employees nearing retirement and/or older employees. Employers should note that terminating older employees may present a risk of age discrimination lawsuits, either individually or as part of a class action suit, so caution must be exercised in this category. It may be advisable to obtain legal advice before terminating employees in these two categories.

Layoff Best Practices

The "three be rule" is your best guide to the termination process when it comes time to tell the employee.

Be Honest

Tell the employee why they are being laid off, even if it's for poor performance. You're not doing the employee or yourself any favors by concealing the reason. You may cushion the poor performance assessment in a variety of ways, but the truth must be told. For any layoffs due to poor performance, a recent record of poor performance reviews will support your decision and justify it to the employee. It may also be used as evidence if a wrongful dismissal suit is filed against the employer.

Be Compassionate

Being laid off can be painful. Show the terminated employee some compassion and understanding. If your firm has the capability, provide outplacement services or job counseling to help cushion the blow. Keep the employee's ego in mind—it may need a hefty boost at this time, and you can provide it by praising previous accomplishments.

Be Quick

A quick, direct dismissal, while keeping the above recommendations in mind, is the most humane way to handle a layoff. You may want the employee to clean their desk that day, and it may be a good idea to have security escort the employee to the door. Too many terminated employees have taken out their sense of injustice or lust for revenge by sabotaging their computers or attempting to hurt their managers and colleagues. Being escorted to the door can be a humiliating experience for the terminated worker, but it can prevent destructive expressions of rage. Dismissing an employee on a Friday afternoon is also an effective means of allowing the terminated worker an entire weekend to recover from the shock of dismissal.

What Not to Do

The manager doing the firing should never express anger, express too much disappointment, or threaten to imperil the fired employee's chances of finding another job. Depending on circumstances, you may want to tell terminated employees that they might work as outside consultants, as part-time employees without benefits or that they may be hired back at a later date, when economic and financial conditions warrant it. That said, employers are urged neither to make promises of any kind, nor to make statements that can be interpreted as promises.

The Bottom Line

Laying off staff can be a painful experience for both the laid-off worker and the employer who issues the pink slip. Beyond the loss of income and whatever other benefits the employer provided, the terminated worker often feels a loss of self-esteem. For the employer, the experience of laying off a worker may be equally uncomfortable, although in a different way.

Both of these painful consequences seem inevitable, but both can be reduced in intensity if the employer follows the "three be rule" cited above and determines judiciously who should be terminated. In the situation of a mass layoff, a standardized package may be offered, in which case an employer is less likely to deviate from the severance offered. But in many other cases, severance can be negotiated.

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