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Iran nuclear talks: Obama hails 'historic' agreement as Iranians celebrate — live updates

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  • Read more: Negotiators announce ‘framework’ agreement
  • Obama: ‘It is a good deal’
  • ‘Key parameters’ for nuclear deal with Iran reached
  • Deal to be concluded by 30 June
  • EU and US will terminate economic sanctions
  • Fordow converted into nuclear physics site
 Updated 
and in New York
Thu 2 Apr 2015 19.33 EDTFirst published on Thu 2 Apr 2015 13.04 EDT
Obama on Iran nuclear deal: ‘it is our best option by far’ Guardian

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With that, we’re going to wrap up our coverage of today’s breakthrough in nuclear negotiations. Thanks for joining us throughout the afternoon and evening.

Netanyahu tells Obama deal 'would threaten survival of Israel'

Israeli prime minister Binyamin Netanyahu says he voiced his ‘strong opposition’ to the framework agreement with Iran, to President Obama during their phone call, the Associated Press reports.

In a phone conversation with the president, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said a final deal based on this agreement “would threaten the survival of Israel.”

He said the deal would legitimize Iran’s nuclear program and increase Iranian “aggression and terror.”

Netanyahu urged the world to increase pressure on Iran until a better deal is achieved.

On Thursday, news of the framework announcement broke as Iranians celebrated the final night of the new year holidays, Nowruz.

Good news from Switzerland will especially delight Iranians as they celebrate the final day of Nowruz new year holidays. #IranTalksLausanne

— Saeed Kamali Dehghan (@SaeedKD) April 2, 2015

Iranians celebrate the new year in March, to coincide with the spring vernal equinox. This year, Nowruz began on March 21, marking the beginning of the year 1393 in the Persian calendar. Nowruz is a secular festival that is also celebrated in neighboring countries, like Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

The Guardian’s Tehran Bureau wrote recently of Nowruz:

The time and date of Nowruz varies every year but the same traditions are always observed – beginning with fire jumping on the last Tuesday of the old year and ending with a national picnic on the 13th day of the new year. The festival centres around the Haft Sin arrangement, where seven items, all beginning with the sound of ‘S’ in Persian, are placed on a table or the floor to symbolise health, prosperity and renewed life.

Obama phoned Binyamin Netanyahu on Thursday to discuss the latest breakthrough in nuclear negotiations, according to a statement provided by the White House, reports Sabrina Siddiqui:

The President emphasized that, while nothing is agreed until everything is, the framework represents significant progress towards a lasting, comprehensive solution that cuts off all of Iran’s pathways to a bomb and verifiably ensures the peaceful nature of Iran’s nuclear program going forward. He underscored that progress on the nuclear issue in no way diminishes our concerns with respect to Iran’s sponsorship of terrorism and threats towards Israel and emphasized that the United States remains steadfast in our commitment to the security of Israel. The President told the Prime Minister that he has directed his national security team to increase consultations with the new Israeli government about how we can further strengthen our long-term security cooperation with Israel and remain vigilant in countering Iran’s threats.”

Earlier in the day, Obama acknowledged in public remarks that he and the Israeli prime minister disagree on the US efforts to secure a nuclear deal with Iran. Tension between the two world leaders has escalated in recent weeks amid the negotiations, but Obama reiterated his commitment to Israel when addressing the tentative framework.

Reuters is reporting that President Obama called Saudi Arabia’s King Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud on Thursday to discuss the deal international negotiators reached with Iran on its nuclear program.

Obama invited Salman and the Gulf Cooperation Council to Camp David for a summit to continue conversations on Iran, the White House said.

Saudi Arabi, Iran’s main regional rival, has long made clear its unhappiness with the emerging deal, the Guardian’s Middle East editor Ian Black wrote on Monday:

Still, unlike Israel, which flatly opposes any agreement, Saudi Arabia has adopted a more subtle approach. [...]

The Saudis have hinted for years that they would turn to Pakistan if they felt threatened by a nuclear Iran. Last year they displayed their Chinese-made intermediate-range ballistic missiles — capable of reaching Tehran — at a parade attended by the general who controls Pakistan’s nuclear arsenal. It was, said the Brookings Institution analyst Bruce Riedel, “ a very calculated signal”.

But the Saudis have wider concerns: an American-Iranian rapprochement, they fear, will undermine their own influence and security. Prince Turki al-Faisal, the former Saudi intelligence chief, warned in London earlier this month that the romance was now “nearing consummation”.

For more than 10 years, diplomatic attempts have been made to address Iran’s nuclear policy. Here’s a useful timeline of the nuclear talks so far, going back to August 2002.

The arms-proliferation experts at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace are giving Thursday’s nuclear deal with Iran a passing grade, reports the Guardian’s Spencer Ackerman:

They have pronounced themselves pleasantly surprised by the strength of the deal’s restrictions and verification measures and sanguine about some of its areas of technical vagueness.

George Perkovich, Carnegie’s vice-president, said the deal’s provisions to monitor the entire Iranian nuclear supply chain will give the US and its allies enhanced visibility to prevent a so-called “sneak-out” – a surreptitious Iranian path to a bomb. “It’s a very positive development and represents significant progress,” Perkovich said on a conference call with reporters.

Carnegie analyst James Acton, a physicist, said the framework deal’s lack of specificity on what happens to Iran’s stockpile of 9,700 kg of low-enriched uranium was not a significant proliferation risk. Either Iran will have to “down-blend” it to natural uranium or, as has been suggested in the past, it will ship it out to Russia. “My guess is they haven’t decided,” Acton said. (Under the framework, Iran will retain 300 kg of low-enriched uranium.)

Similarly, Acton was unconcerned about the 1044-plus centrifuges Iran will be allowed to keep at its underground Fordow facility. The framework bars Iran from enriching uranium in those centrifuges, but the centrifuge retention in a facility kept underground has prompted skepticism.

“Once you’ve started using centrifuges for other material, it’s likely to be very, very hard to convert them back to using them to enrich uranium. I don’t they’re a particular proliferation problem, keeping those centrifuges, and in fact, introducing other materials into those centrifuges is probably better than leaving them standing there with nothing going on in them,” Acton said.

Arak
Iran’s controversial heavy water production facility at Arak, south of the Iranian capital Tehran, in 2004. Photograph: Majid/Getty Images

The most noteworthy bit of vaguery in the deal, all thought, is the terms under which Iran will get out from under sanctions. It remains unclear when, after international verification of Iranian compliance, the US and its allies will lift the sanctions regime widely attributed to Iran’s woeful economic state and willingness to negotiate its nuclear program. Already a gap is growing in expectations between the administration’s spin of “phased” sanctions relief and Iran’s desire to end the sanctions regime in one fell swoop.

“I would anticipate that will be one of the obstacles vigorously negotiated over the coming months,” said Carnegie Iran expert Karim Sadjadpour, who urged attention on what Iran’s supreme leader Ali Khamanei says tomorrow during his expected Friday sermon.

Photographs of Iranians celebrating in the streets of Tehran

Iranians celebrate in the street of Tehran. Citizens were so happy to hear that world powers are ready to lift the sanctions against the country. Photograph: Abedin Taherkenareh/EPA
People flash the ‘V for Victory’ sign and hold an Iranian flag out of a car window as they celebrate on Valiasr street in northern Tehran. Photograph: Atta Kenare/AFP/Getty Images
Iranians on Valiasr street in northern Tehran. Photograph: Atta Kenare/AFP/Getty Images

News of the preliminary agreement will fire a starting pistol on a stampede of western business interests into a potentially vast untapped market, write Julian Borger, Terry Macalister and Saeed Kamali Dehghan:

At the head of the queue have been oil and gas companies, but there are other markets in Iran with enormous potential because the country has been behind a wall of sanctions for so long. There will, for example, be intense competition between Airbus and Boeing to supply parts and planes for Iran’s ageing fleet.

“There have already been ongoing discussions between Iranian aviation officials and the two global aerospace giants,” Amir Ali Handjani, an Iranian-American energy executive, said. “Those discussions have happened with the approval of Europeans and Americans. They recognise how important an issue this is for Iranians, who have some of the oldest passenger planes in the world.”

The market for cars and lorries used to be the 10th largest in the world, and is attracting keen attention from Peugeot, which used to be a dominant player in Iran, as well as Renault and General Motors.

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