image: (a) The electrochemical stability window of high-concentrated LiCl aqueous electrolyte expands to ~ 2.7 V. (b) The voltage window of MXene electrode in high-concentrated LiCl aqueous electrolyte is broadened to 1.8 V. (c) Snapshots of equilibrium trajectories of high-concentrated LiCl aqueous electrolyte. (d) Galvanostatic charge-discharge profiles of MXene planar micro-supercapacitors with different microelectrode thicknesses. (e) Cyclic voltammetry curves of MXene planar micro-supercapacitors at different temperatures. (f) Optical images of the letter “DICP”, made up of LED lights, illuminated by serially-connected MXene planar micro-supercapacitors in bending wearable states. Photo credit: Yuanyuan Zhu and Shuanghao Zheng. view more
Credit: ©Science China Press
This study is led by Prof. Zhong-Shuai Wu (Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)), and Prof. Hui-Ming Cheng (Institute of Metal Research of CAS). MXenes, a family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides with over 30 species, are emerging as high-performance electrode materials. However, MXene electrode is easily oxidized at high anodic potential in aqueous electrolytes, and its operating voltage is normally limited by the electrochemical thermodynamic stability window of water, thus resulting in small operating voltages usually less than 0.6 V, which greatly limits the energy density of MXene based MSCs (MXene-MSCs). In addition, aqueous electrolytes freeze easily at sub-zero temperatures, leading to a sharp decline in ionic conductivity. While, at high temperatures, the structure of aqueous electrolytes is so unstable that it is difficult to retain internal water molecules because of volatility. Therefore, it is still a great challenge to develop aqueous electrolytes with high voltage and wide temperature range.
"We developed a low-cost, environment-friendly and high-concentrated LiCl aqueous electrolyte to regulate reaction kinetics of MXene (Ti3C2Tx) electrode and electrolyte, which not only broadened the operation voltage of MXene-MSCs by inhibiting oxidation at high potential, but also increased the temperature range owing to a low freezing point," said Prof. Wu.
The as-fabricated symmetric planar aqueous MXene-MSCs with the above-mentioned electrolyte achieved an operating voltage of up to 1.6 V, and energy density of up to 31.7 mWh cm-3 at room temperature.
The low freezing point (-57 °C) of high-concentrated LiCl-gel electrolyte also enabled MXene-MSCs to operate stably in a wide temperature range (-40°C to 60°C). The scalability and flexibility of MXene-MSCs made it easily for them to be integrated into wearable microelectronics.
See the article:
Kinetic regulation of MXene with water-in-LiCl electrolyte for high-voltage micro-supercapacitors
https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwac024
Journal
National Science Review