A Systematic Review of Mental Disorder, Suicide, and Deliberate Self Harm in Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People

Michael King; Joanna Semlyen; Sharon See Tai; Helen Killaspy; David Osborn; Dmitri Popelyuk; Irwin Nazareth

BMC Psychiatry

Conclusion and Further Research

Besides more qualitative and case-control research, we need prospective studies as these are most likely to reveal the mechanisms involved. Although, in this review we identified four cohorts^{[15,18,33,34]} only one collected prospective data on suicidal risk in lesbian, gay and bisexual people.^[34] Prospective studies, however, are difficult to undertake as many people cannot or will not identify themselves as LGB until late adolescence or even young adulthood when the emotional damage may already have occurred. Nevertheless, a cohort of young LGB people who are followed through as they complete education and career training and start relationships and families, would begin to address this difficult issue. We also need to address the complexities of defining sexual orientation. Most modern conceptions of sexual orientation consider personal identification, sexual behaviour and sexual fantasy.^[121] Thus, we chose these parameters as the most pragmatic and commonly used definitions for this review. However, we need more detailed study of the development of sexuality across the spectrum of partner preference, its stability over time and its relationship to other preferences and behaviour.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Rosalind Lai M Lib, Medical Librarian, for constructing the search strategy.

Funding information

The study was funded by a grant from the National Institute for Mental Health England.

Key: * Longitudinal studies; 2 suggests higher quality and than 1

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The funder had no involvement in the conduct of the research.

Cite this: A Systematic Review of Mental Disorder, Suicide, and Deliberate Self Harm in Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People - Medscape - Aug 18, 2008.

Abstract and Background
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusion and Further Research
References

Classification of Quality Indicators of Studies Included in the Review
	1 = Non-random	1<60%	1 = Selected	1<100
	Sampling	Participation rate	Population	Sample size
	2 = Random	2 ≥ 60%	2 = General	2 ≥ 100
Bagley 1997^[9]	2	2	2	1
Bontempo & D'Augelli 2002^[10]	Not known	2	1	2
Case et al. 2004^[11]*	1	2	1	2
Cochran & Mays (2000a) & Mays, Ross (2004)^[12,13]	1	2	2	1
Cochran & Mays (2000b)^[14]	1	2	2	1
Cochran et al. 2003 & Mays & Cochran (2001)^[15,16]	2	2	2	1
Faulkner et al. (1998)^[17]	Not known	1	1	2
Fergusson et al 1999^[18]*	1	2	1	1
Gilman et al. 2001^[19]	2	2	2	2
Gruskin et al. 2001^[20]	2	1	2	2
Herrell et al. 1999^[21]	Not known	2	1	2
Jorm et al. 2002^[22]	2	1	2	2
King et al. 2003^[1]	1	NA	1	2
Mathy 2002^[23]	1	1	1	2
Mathews et al. 2002^[24]	1	1	1	2
McCabe et al. 2003^[25]	2	1	1	2
Mc Cabe et al. 2004^[26]	2	1	1	1
Nawyn et al. 2000^[27]	Not known	1	1	1
Remafedi et al. 1998^[28]	Not known	2	1	2
Robin et al. 2002^[29]	Not known	2	1	2
Russell & Joyner 2001^[30]	Not known	Not known	1	2
Sandfort et al. 2001 & Sandfort, de Graf, Bijl (2003)^[31,32]	2	2	2	1
Skegg et al. 2003^[33]*	1	2	1	1
Wichstrom & Hegna 2003^[34]*	1	2	1	2
Drabble et al. 2005^[35]	2	Not known	2	2

Key: * Longitudinal studies; 2 suggests higher quality and than 1

Classification of Quality Indicators of Studies Included in the Review
	1 = Non-random	1<60%	1 = Selected	1<100
	Sampling	Participation rate	Population	Sample size
	2 = Random	2 ≥ 60%	2 = General	2 ≥ 100
Bagley 1997^[9]	2	2	2	1
Bontempo & D'Augelli 2002^[10]	Not known	2	1	2
Case et al. 2004^[11]*	1	2	1	2
Cochran & Mays (2000a) & Mays, Ross (2004)^[12,13]	1	2	2	1
Cochran & Mays (2000b)^[14]	1	2	2	1
Cochran et al. 2003 & Mays & Cochran (2001)^[15,16]	2	2	2	1
Faulkner et al. (1998)^[17]	Not known	1	1	2
Fergusson et al 1999^[18]*	1	2	1	1
Gilman et al. 2001^[19]	2	2	2	2
Gruskin et al. 2001^[20]	2	1	2	2
Herrell et al. 1999^[21]	Not known	2	1	2
Jorm et al. 2002^[22]	2	1	2	2
King et al. 2003^[1]	1	NA	1	2
Mathy 2002^[23]	1	1	1	2
Mathews et al. 2002^[24]	1	1	1	2
McCabe et al. 2003^[25]	2	1	1	2
Mc Cabe et al. 2004^[26]	2	1	1	1
Nawyn et al. 2000^[27]	Not known	1	1	1
Remafedi et al. 1998^[28]	Not known	2	1	2
Robin et al. 2002^[29]	Not known	2	1	2
Russell & Joyner 2001^[30]	Not known	Not known	1	2
Sandfort et al. 2001 & Sandfort, de Graf, Bijl (2003)^[31,32]	2	2	2	1
Skegg et al. 2003^[33]*	1	2	1	1
Wichstrom & Hegna 2003^[34]*	1	2	1	2
Drabble et al. 2005^[35]	2	Not known	2	2

Key: * Longitudinal studies; 2 suggests higher quality and than 1

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