Photo by National Cancer Institute on Unsplash

The Hallmarks of Cancer

What makes cancer….cancer?

Dr. Jason Fung
8 min readFeb 8, 2018

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To understand cancer as a whole, rather than as individual cancers, it is useful to find out those traits that are common to all cancers. One of the most widely cited papers in oncology is ‘Hallmarks of Cancer’ which initially listed 6 hallmarks and then updated in 2011 with two more. This is a crucial step to defining cancer’s common features — these 8 hallmarks. Despite…

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Dr. Jason Fung

Nephrologist. New York Times best selling author. Interest in type 2 diabetes reversal and intermittent fasting. Founder www.TheFastingMethod.com.