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Shedding extra weight is not as simple as abstaining from food or engaging in strenuous exercises. In addition to that, the slow appearance or complete lack of results might frustrate you enough to give up.
One of the most stubborn and typical weight gains is belly fat, also known as visceral fat. It is not just the squishy layer underneath the skin of your stomach. This fat accumulates around your intestines, liver, arteries, and stomach. Consequently, it can affect your health in the worst possible way.
Presently, obesity is one of the leading causes of various diseases across the world. Many people try to overcome this problem by watching their diet and exercising regularly. While this approach is the way to go, it does take some time before visible results are seen.
As per the demands and needs of the market, several companies have come up with diverse solutions to curb obesity. The answers range from natural supplements and dietary plans to drugs and pills. These methods are branded as easy ways to reduce weight, especially when combined with other weight-loss methods.
The bottom line is, all of these options encourage your metabolism to speedily shed excess weight, which in turn improves your health. One of these fat-burning concepts is called thermogenic supplements. They are packed with natural ingredients that contribute to metabolism and increase the fat-burning processes, which usually happens while you are resting or sleeping.
Examples of thermogenic supplements are caffeine, garcinia Cambogia, capsaicin, green tea, bitter orange, and other plant extracts.
In this article, we will review some of the best fat burning supplements. We will look into their features and discuss how the active ingredients effectively promote weight loss.
Our Pick for the Best Fat Burning Supplements on the Market:
- PhenQ – Highest Quality & Overall Best Fat Burner for Women
- Leanbean – Popular Weight-Loss Pills for Women
- Instant Knockout – Best Thermogenic Fat Burner for Men
- Trimtone – Best Fat Burner for Women Over 40
- PrimeShred – Best Fat Burner for Men
Now that we have shown you what to expect, you will see why we think these fat burner brands made it to our list. We will now review each fat-burning brand that made the list and show you its features, benefits, and shortcomings.
#1. PhenQ – Highest Quality & Overall Best Fat Burner for Women
Brand Overview
If you are looking for the easiest, healthiest, and fastest way to get rid of excess weight, then PhenQ is your best bet. This premium brand gets it right when it comes to burning fat and is effective for both men and women. It was produced by Wolfson Berg Limited and was released in 2020.
PhenQ is a single pill with several benefits, including boosting your mood, controlling your appetite, and contributing to your body’s metabolism. These are all geared towards an effective fat-burning process.
With over 15 years of active service and reviews from more than 200,000 satisfied customers worldwide, you can see why PhenQ made our list.
According to the reviews, the side effects of this product range from minimal to nonexistent.
PhenQ has components that may burn down fat in your thighs, hips, waist, and belly. It also may ensure no new fat cells are produced in your body.
The supplement is safe, and almost anyone can use it because it does not contain any artificial ingredients or chemicals. However, to avoid any health complications, you should consult your doctor before taking this weight-loss supplement.
It is not addictive, so you can use it for as long as it takes to see your kind of results. Some people claim to see noticeable results in just 14 days, while others see visible results within two months. Either way, you would undoubtedly see a practical impact.
Highlights
Natural Ingredients: It has lab-tested ingredients that may aid the reduction of excessive fat in your body. PhenQ contains ingredients like cayenne powder, guarana extract, L-Phenylalanine, manganese, caffeine, iodine, copper, and zinc.
Foolproof Process: As a thermogenic supplement, PhenQ works to increase the body’s temperature so the heat can burn off some calories. The pill contains cactus fiber which controls your appetite to reduce calorie consumption, according to PhenQ’s official website. It also controls your sugar cravings and carbs with chromium. You can take PhenQ in the morning with a glass of water for breakfast and also after lunch.
Instant Results: Over the years, PhenQ has shown a tremendous capacity to reduce excessive weight gain. It has helped thousands of people achieve success in their weight-loss journey.
Cost-Effective: Generally, fat burner pills are pretty expensive. But compared to other brands, a bulk purchase of PhenQ is more affordable.
Increased Energy Levels: PhenQ may burn down the fats and sugar in your body within a couple of weeks. The sugar and carbs are absorbed into your blood and passed to your cells to boost your energy. The caffeine in it suppresses hunger and improves your stamina when you exercise.
Money-Back Guarantee: Your money will be refunded if you are not satisfied with the result after two months.
Pros
- Little or no side effects
- Fast acting
- Visible results in a short time
- Vegan-friendly
- May cut down water weight
- Does not require a doctor’s prescription
- 60-day money-back guarantee
Cons
- Non-bulk purchases might be expensive
- Sold mainly on the official website
#2. Leanbean – Popular Weight-Loss Pills for Women
Brand Overview
Having a flat and firm belly with toned arms and legs is the body goal for many women. That is why a company in the U.K. called Ultimate Life Limited produced this supplement.
Leanbean is one of the best fat burners and appetite suppressants for women, and it is specially made for those who want to be active and stay fit. Leanbean is an E.U.-approved supplement that may reduce excess fat in your body, especially your stomach.
It should be taken three times a day, and you should consume only two tablets at a time with a glass of water before every meal. The instructions suggest that it is more effective when taken before a meal. If you already ate before swallowing a capsule, you must wait for the next meal before taking it. To see a better result, they also recommend engaging in exercises and reducing the intake of carbs.
Highlights
Premium Ingredients: Leanbean’s formula does not contain a high level of caffeine or similar stimulants, which may be addictive. Instead, it has several other natural ingredients that work to burn off excess fat. The primary ingredients in Leanbean include glucomannan, turmeric, green coffee beans, choline, zinc, and vitamins B6 and B12, among others.
Effective Process: Their most popular ingredient, glucomannan, is a unique dietary fiber that European Food Regulators approve. The ingredient suppresses the appetite, making you feel fuller and reducing calorie intake.
The thermogenic process in the ingredients helps to boost your energy levels so you can work out efficiently. The glucomannan acts as an appetite suppressor, while other vitamins and minerals contribute to the body’s metabolism.
Credibility: Many of their users across the globe have only good things to say about Leanbean. They have noticed how their energy level has increased, making workouts easier. They may also burn fat faster, as the product works through its thermogenesis process.
Cost-Effective: Most people who have bought and have used Leanbean seem to think it is a wise long-term investment, which is justified by the optimum quality it offers.
Specially Designed for Women: Leanbean is a product specifically made for women who want to lose excess weight and see fast results at the gym.
Pros
- May result in less calorie consumption
- May increase the fat-burning rate
- May boost energy levels
- Contains no harmful stimulants
- May reduce tiredness and fatigue
- May help to balance blood sugar
- Vegan/vegetarian-friendly
- 90-day money-back guarantee
- Uses caffeine alternatives
- May reduce cravings
- No documented side effects
Cons
- Comparatively expensive
- Results are very minimal without regular exercise
#3. Instant Knockout – Best Thermogenic Fat Burner for Men
Brand Overview
Instant Knockout is a dietary supplement produced by Roar Ambition Limited, which gives you the energy to maximize your hard work in the gym. That is why it was initially created for British fighters. Anyone who wants to burn off excess fat in their body and build muscle mass can use it.
The ingredients used in the product are thoroughly studied, making it safe for most to consume. To achieve the best results, you need to eat healthy meals and exercise regularly. If you are worried about being tired, Instant Knockout may solve the problem by increasing your energy levels and reducing fatigue.
You can take this supplement four times a day with a glass of water when you have a meal. However, do not take the last one too close to bedtime, as it can hinder your sleep due to the presence of caffeine. Also, avoid additional caffeine intake when using this product.
Besides this, there are a few people who should think twice about using Instant Knockout. It is not safe for underage children, pregnant women, or nursing mothers to use this product. Some potential side effects may include difficulty sleeping and feeling anxious, especially if you take it alongside coffee. You are also at risk if you have a medical history or are currently taking any medication. Therefore, it is best to seek your doctor’s advice before commencing with this supplement. Finally, Instant Knockout contains gelatin, making it not suitable for vegetarians or vegans.
Highlights
Excellent Selection of Ingredients: Instant Knockout contains several invigorating stimulants that may burn fat quickly and increase energy levels. It has caffeine anhydrous, green coffee beans, zinc, GTF chromium, cayenne pepper, piperine, glucomannan, and green tea extract. For more effectiveness, they have also added vitamins like D3, B6, and B12.
Mechanism: Like other fat-burning supplements, Instant Knockout engages a proven process that effectively burns fat. It may contribute to your body’s metabolism and energy levels and control your appetite and calorie intake, all with unparalleled efficiency.
Quick Results: Several satisfied users saw fast action a few weeks after they began using this product. However, witnessing immediate results depends on your body capacity and mechanism. Still, you should see some visible changes within a month or two after the commencement of the treatment.
Fast Muscle Mass Gain: Instant Knockout works to process fat into muscle. Hence, individuals who want to build muscle mass find it very effective. It was initially made for athletes who need the energy to be consistent with their workout routines. Instant Knockout may quickly burn fat, suppress the need for carbs and calories, and boost your body’s endurance while giving you a trim figure.
Pros
- Easy to use
- May suppress your appetite
- May convert food into energy
- Works even while you sleep
- May provide instant fat burning abilities
- 30-day refund policy
- May promote loss of water weight
Cons
- Quite expensive
- Not suitable for vegans or vegetarians
#4. Trimtone – Best for Women Over 40
Brand Overview
If you are a busy woman trying to lose weight but are having difficulty achieving it, you should consider purchasing Trimtone. Trimtone is popular among women trying to lose weight and tone their bodies. It is convenient and suitable for busy women who do not have time to work out regularly.
Highlight
Safe Ingredients: The ingredients used in the Trimtone supplement include caffeine, green tea, green coffee beans, glucomannan, grains of paradise, etc. Especially if taken properly, none of these ingredients have the potential to cause any serious damages to the human body.
Stubborn Fat Removal: It may help control appetite and burn stubborn fat throughout the day, even while resting.
Customer Satisfaction: Trimtone has stellar reviews from several satisfied customers. It is trustworthy and very convenient for women who do not have time to work out regularly. Most people who take it alongside a healthy diet usually see noticeable results within weeks.
Safety: This supplement is made of all-natural ingredients and has been thoroughly researched. There is no known serious risk to health from any of the ingredients. However, consumers have reported side effects such as headaches, nausea, and upset stomach, among others, when they consume the supplement in large doses.
Easy Usage: Trimtone is one of the most accessible diet supplements. It only takes the consumption of a single pill every morning with a glass of water to burn fat all day, and each bottle contains 30 capsules, which is enough for a one-month supply. To avoid any side effects, it is best to reduce additional caffeine consumption with it.
Pros
- Once a day usage
- May initiate thermogenesis
- 100% natural ingredients
- May increase appetite control
- Reasonably priced
Cons
- Susceptible to caffeine addiction
- Not suitable for pregnant or breastfeeding women
#5. PrimeShred – Best Fat Burner for Men
Brand Overview
Diets and exercises can leave you worn out and weak, which is why PrimeShred is so popular. This supplement is produced by Muscle Club Limited, a respectable company in the production of the dietary supplements department.
PrimeShred may enhance mental focus and help in achieving one’s weight-loss goals. It is popular among bodybuilders because they prefer to burn fat without affecting their bodies. It is effective, and the ingredients are scientifically proven to achieve a lean physique. Furthermore, you can get the maximum result in the shortest time.
This supplement should be taken every day, whether or not you are working out, and it should be taken 20 minutes before a meal for the best results. You should also take it no later than three hours before going to bed, as it can interfere with your sleeping pattern. Additionally, this supplement is gluten-free and suitable for both vegans and vegetarians.
Although it is safe to use by most people, you should consult your doctor before starting to use it. PrimeShred is not safe for women trying to get pregnant, who are currently pregnant, or who are still nursing a child.
Highlights
Natural Ingredients: The ingredients in PrimeShred include green tea extract, L-Tyrosine, L-Theanine, Rhodiola Rosea Root, cayenne pepper, green coffee, vitamin B Complex, Bioperine, and vegetable capsule. The majority of these ingredients come from natural sources instead of laboratories, automatically making them safer.
In combination, all of these ingredients work together to boost your energy, reduce sugar levels, cancel out sugar and carb cravings, and burn fat efficiently.
Transparency: PrimeShred is one of the few supplement brands that practice transparency. They are very clear on every ingredient and the quantities used in the product, making them trustworthy and credible.
Effective Results: PrimeShred works to increase energy levels during a workout and break down excess fats and turn them into muscle. The thermogenic process ensures the body loses fat even while it is resting.
Mood Booster: This supplement may also improve mood and increase the ability to stay focused all day.
Affordability: Compared to many other fat burners, PrimeShred is more affordable. However, some users commented that it was a bit above their price range. However, we think it is worth the price for the optimal value the supplement provides. PrimeShred also offers several bonuses for long-term subscriptions and bulk orders.
Pros
- Effective fat-burning mechanism
- May break down fatty acids to produce energy
- May keep you alert and energized
- 100-day money-back guarantee
- Product transparency
- May result in fast calorie burn
- Contains only high-quality, lab-tested ingredients
- May reduce sugar cravings
- Vegan-friendly
Cons
- Only suitable for men
- Quite expensive
#6. Clenbutrol – Best Legal Clenbuterol Alternative
Brand Overview
Clenbutrol, created by the well-reputed company CrazyBulk, is a substitute for the illegal Clenbuterol. Some people take this supplement alongside other body-enhancing drugs for quick results. The required dose is no more than three capsules per day with a glass of water 45 minutes before a workout.
For effective results, you can take it in the morning or late afternoon. The website indicates the product can remain active in your bloodstream for 24 to 36 hours. Therefore, taking it at night may disrupt your sleep.
Highlights
Ingredients: The supplement contains several antioxidants, which may contribute to the body’s metabolic rate. Overall, it contains Garcinia Cambogia, guarana extract, vitamin B3, vegetable stearate, bitter orange extract, etc.
Safer Alternative to Steroids: Clenbutrol has properties that act like anabolic steroids to increase muscle mass. According to the CrazyBulk website, it is said to aid muscle repair and prevent atrophy.
Four-Step Process: Clenbutrol has a mechanism that works in four steps to promote weight loss. Step one starts by increasing your body temperature, which in turn boosts your metabolic rate. The next step is the promotion of oxygen circulation. After that, it goes ahead to block fat cells from increasing while laying off extra weight.
Short Treatment Duration: It takes an average of 90 days before you might see visible results. However, the effects of Clenbutrol may last for a very long time even after you stop using it. One of the first results you may see is a significant increase in your energy levels.
Customer Satisfaction: Many people who used this fat burner expressed satisfaction with their experience and saw complete results within 90 days. According to them, they were able to experience significant fat burning and more energy to lift heavier weights.
Affordability: Compared to some fat burners on this list, Clenbutrol is more affordable. But to see significant results, you have to use it for a long time. Therefore, it is best to buy it in bulk so you can use it for a while.
Pros
- Does not affect testosterone levels
- May contribute to metabolism
- May suppress hunger cravings
- Consistent use may increase muscle mass
- May effectively promote oxygen circulation
- Best used as a pre-workout supplement
Cons
- May cause excessive sweating
#7. Powher – Most Popular Natural Fat Burner Pills
Brand Overview
Powher not only focuses on fat burning, but it may also boost energy and offer quick results in cutting down excess fat. It is a pre-workout supplement that may be very effective, and you can include it with your daily workout routine.
This supplement works differently, as it works to target all of the weak areas and increase overall endurance.
The recommended dosage is two capsules with each meal and a glass of water. The required dose is six capsules per day, and it should not be taken on an empty stomach, as most people complain of cramps when they do so. It is best to take it during or just after a meal.
Highlights
Beneficial Process: This tried and trusted supplement was explicitly created to burn fat and encourage weight loss. It may get rid of unnecessary fats in the body and also harness its strength-building qualities.
Effective Ingredients: It contains caffeine, EnExtra, Rednite, Oxyjun, L-Tyrosine, L-Citrulline Malate, Beta-Alanine Carnosine, and vitamins B5, B6, and B12. All of these ingredients are geared towards improving endurance, building muscle tone, burning fat, and improving mood. The ingredients are proven to work and are backed up by results.
Especially Beneficial for Women: Most female-focused fat burners have too many side effects or do not produce the desired results. But, Powher has come up with a lasting solution to women’s weight gain problems. They created a supplement that is currently leading the market as an effective fat burner.
Ideal Workout Supplement: To see the best results, incorporate it with your regular workout routine.
Cost Justified: Since Powher demonstrates such astounding results, it does not come cheap. For many, it is a high-end product. However, it is well worth the price for the long-term outcome it offers.
Pros
- All-natural ingredients
- May burn calories
- May boost stamina and increase energy
- May maintain body shape while toning muscles
- Low level of stimulants
- 100% natural ingredients
- Known for its good taste
Cons
- Only available on the brand’s official website
How We Made This List Of Top Thermogenic Fat Burning Pills?
Many producers try to cut corners to profit as the race to provide the right fat burner gets more demanding. Choosing the right one can be daunting because too many fat burners make media rounds every other hour. So, we decided to create a list of products that met our standards.
What We Looked For
After hours of tirelessly researching the best fat-burning supplements, we finally chose seven that met the mark. We curated a checklist and chose brands that hit the right spot to ensure you only get the best-quality products. The following are the factors that heavily influenced our decision while making this list.
- Transparency: We know many medications have side effects, especially when they interact negatively with other chemicals in your body. However, brands that truly care about consumer safety take time to vet their supplements. They give all of the necessary information about the product and its potential side effects, and these are the brands we look out for. We want to make sure you understand what the supplement is made of and how it affects your body after usage.
- Certification: We also looked for the necessary certifications to ensure these substances are made by professionals who know what they are doing. It is also important to note who certified these products and whether or not they have a good track record.A reliable and trustworthy company provides its quality control and assurance certificate upfront for all of its customers to view. Thus, if your provider or preferred company is shady regarding their quality control certificate, it is best to choose an alternative, which is exactly what we did.
- Efficacy: Of course, the main reason you are even contemplating any of these products is that you want them to work. If fat burners had no efficacy at all, they would not be so well known and popular. However, anyone can claim that their supplements are the best without any veracity. So, we looked into reviews from people who used these products, and most of them had good things to say about them. We made sure these products were known to be effective in the advertised time.
- Ingredients: We selected brands that had only the healthiest, natural ingredients that work. The ingredients used were locally and ethically sourced and cultivated following the agricultural guidelines.
- Quality: Although fat-burning supplements, creams, and medications are very common and plentiful, very few do what they promise. In our quest to find the best fat-burning supplements, we ensured our final list only offered premium-quality products.We were able to verify that they offer high-quality products by looking carefully at customer reviews, especially on third-party websites. These customer reviews helped us to see if people were actually benefiting from using the product itself.
- Mechanism of Action: We looked out for products that have a reliable mechanism of action for burning belly fat quickly. The product was discarded if the mechanism involved any potential harm to the body or was known to cause any serious bodily harm. In the end, only the products which had a known mechanism of action while posing no short-term or long-term threats to the body were selected.
Key Factors to Consider When Choosing the Best Fat-Burning Pills
When searching for the best fat burner that will suit your needs, there are several factors you need to consider. Fat-burning pills are diverse, each offering something slightly different from the other.
For instance, some supplements base their strengths on stamina and energy-boosting effects, while others focus on reducing appetite. Some may be more interested in blocking the creation of fat cells, while others simply transform excess fat into hard muscle. Whatever the method or strategy behind their production, all of these fat-burning supplements have one goal — to help you shed weight.
You need to know the easiest way to lose weight quickly and search for the product that best suits your needs. With numerous fat burners available in the market, knowing which one is best can be pretty confusing. But, here are a few factors you should consider when purchasing a fat-burning supplement for weight loss.
- Natural Ingredients
You should look out for supplements that contain natural, wholesome ingredients. Many artificial condiments have more potential to harm your health. So, you should watch out for those products with artificial enhancers and additives, and stick with natural fat burners. Here are some of the essential and common ingredients you would find in an effective fat burner: glucomannan, caffeine, green tea extract, Garcinia Cambogia, meratrim, chromium, and capsaicin.
- Non-Addictive Stimulants
Most weight-loss supplements rely heavily on stimulants to boost your energy levels during a workout. However, these stimulants can become addictive.
An apt example is caffeine, as it is the most consumed stimulant and an automatic energy booster. That is why people drink a cup of coffee when they need a little boost.
However, too much concentration of caffeine in your system may cause sleeplessness, anxiety, and other problems. It can also become addictive. Some people experience mild withdrawal symptoms when they stop taking these supplements. That is why we advise that when you are using these supplements, you should avoid taking any other caffeine product or similar stimulants.
- Prices
Like other supplements in the market, fat burners also come with different price ranges. Their prices depend on the manufacturers, formula, type, dosages, and the ingredients used. Buying in bulk is your best bet to getting a good fat burner at a reasonable price.
- Quality
One very critical factor to consider when looking for the best fat burner is quality. There are just too many inferior products out there, and we cannot overemphasize how important it is to be careful with what you put into your body. So, you should check the manufacturers and ensure they are qualified to produce what you drink or eat.
- Credibility
Although many of the supplements do not have enough veracity to prove their effectiveness, their components should be thoroughly vetted. There are several tests and clinical qualifications that fat-burning supplements must undergo before being released for public consumption. So, check to be sure they are qualified for your use.
- Transparency
Another critical factor to watch out for is how accurate the brand’s information is. Do they provide enough facts on the ingredients they used, the dosage, and possible side effects? You should know what to expect when taking these supplements, as an overdose can lead to severe complications. Inadequate information about any ingredients that may interact negatively with another chemical in your body may be harmful as well.
So if they are shady about providing full details about the properties of the fat-burning treatment, you should avoid it. Overall, you should be meticulous about checking the label of the supplement for all of the necessary information before purchasing.
FAQs: Fat-Burning Supplements
Q1. What Are Fat Burners?
Fat burners are supplementary diet pills that may help reduce weight by cutting down your appetite and burning your body fat. They may make you feel less hungry and allow you to reduce your calorie intake.
They also use thermogenesis to burn off unwanted fats, which is the process of increasing your body heat to burn off fat even while you sleep. And, above all, these fat burners may help you lose weight naturally.
Q2. What Are the Benefits of Fat Burners?
Fat burners have been extremely helpful for many people, especially when combined with a healthy diet and regular exercise. However, some of these supplements are effective whether you work out or not. Their thermogenic properties ensure you shed excess weight even while sleeping.
Apart from weight reduction, some benefits of fat burners are calorie reduction, stress reduction, energy boost, and a healthier lifestyle
Q3. What Are Thermogenic Supplements?
Thermogenesis literally means to produce heat, and it is a process where your body sheds off excess weight through an increase in temperature. Thermogenic supplements force your body to generate more heat, which in turn burns fat. Some of them use several metabolism-boosting elements to achieve faster results.
Q4. What Are the Risks of Using Fat Burners?
As far as health supplements and drugs are concerned, there will always be some risks that come with the usage. Weight-loss supplements come with several side effects and risk factors that you should know about before embarking on your weight-loss journey.
Some risks involved in consuming fat burners range from mild to severe and include nausea, insomnia or other sleep-related problems, a spike in heart rate, caffeine addiction, fatigue, dizziness, constant headaches or migraines, increased blood pressure or pulse rate, constipation, dry mouth, or change in the sense of taste, among others.
Q5. Do I Need to Consult a Doctor While Using Fat Burners?
To say that your preferred fat burner has no artificial ingredients does not mean all-natural ingredients are safe for you to use. Some natural ingredients can react negatively to other chemicals, which may cause you to experience some side effects. So, it is advised to contact your healthcare provider about the safety of using the weight-loss supplement, especially if you have any other diseases or are taking other medications.
If you experience any of the above or any other medical conditions resulting from using a fat burner, it is better to consult a medical expert for advice immediately.
Final Thoughts
While there is nothing wrong with relying on regular exercise and dieting to shed extra pounds, not everyone gets the expected results in the desired time.
For some, they see very little change over some time, and that is where fat burners come in to make the process faster. They will trick your metabolism into working quicker and give you more energy to endure workouts. All you have to do is know what works for you and stick with it.
Ensure you are using a well-researched and credible supplement to cut down on fat production in your body. You should also follow the manufacturer’s instructions regarding dosage and time of consumption to the letter, along with being patient. Many of these thermogenic fat burners contain strictly natural products, which only show an effect over some period of consistent use.
You should also use these fat burners alongside other weight-loss methods, such as regular exercise, for rapid action. Some people combine two or more of the supplements on this list for quicker results. However, this should only be done after thorough research and a doctor’s consultation so the ingredients do not interact with each other in a negative manner. That is why we prefer fat-burning pills from brands like PhenQ and Leanbean, as they are not only the safest but also are the most effective ones.
Be sure to also watch out for any of the ingredients your body is sensitive to in order to avoid some side effects. Overall, it is best to ask your doctor if your preferred supplement works for you, particularly when you have a health history or are prone to allergies.
The news and editorial staff of the Bay Area News Group had no role in this post’s preparation.
