2000 Subject index — Volume 18

 No 1 1–119 No 2 120–238 No 3 239–355 No 4 357–467 No 5 469–571 No 6 573–691 No 7 693–801 No 8 803–904 No 9 905–1013 No 10 1015–1117 No 11 1119–1221 No 12 1223–1314

(Err) Errata

A A-gliadin T-cell epitope identification, 337 AadA-free plants, 1130,1172 Acetohydroxyacid synthase single-point mutation, herbicide resistance, 481,555 Aclara BioSciences (Mountain View, CA), found guilty of misappropriating trade secrets, 1229 Actinomycetes, bacterial artificial chromosome integration, 251,343 7-ADCA, environmentally safe production, 814,857 Adeno-associated virus vectors, expansion of, 480,497,527 Adenovirus oncolysis, 703,723 Adenovirus vectors modification strategy, 136,150,176 retargeting to G-protein-coupled receptors, 586,635 and trehalose expression, 137,145,163 Adoptive cell therapy, artificial antigen-presenting cells in, 370,405 Adrenocortical cells, transplantation of, telomerase reverse transcriptase expression, 10,22,39 Affinity purification, drug receptor identification, 815,877 Affymetrix (Mountain View, CA), gene chip battle, 477 Affymetrix (Santa Clara, CA), vs. Oxford Gene Technology (Oxford, UK) in lawsuit, 1230 spin-off unit formation, 1128 Agbiotech. See also Genetically modified organisms fungal pathogen protection in potato, 1233,1307 importance to European seed firms, 578 information campaign launched, 477 National Academy of Sciences report, 486 US House of Representatives subcommittee report, 583 and US Presidential campaign, 1119 US proposals get lukewarm reception, 590 and world food security, 361 AIDS, drug treatment progress, 466 Alagon, Alejandro, 1123 Albino mutation, gene therapy, 10,20,43 Albuferon, IND application, 1238 Albumin, extending protein half-life, 1238 Alcaligenes eutrophus, in bioremediation, 586,600,661 Alfalfa antifungal peptide, expression in potato plants, 1233,1307 Alliance for Biointegrity lawsuit, 1128 Alopecia, topical transgene delivery, 371,420 Alphavirus, temperature-regulated DNA expression, 370,429 Alpha-hemolysin channel, 1026,1037,1091 Alzheimer's disease amyloid β-protein imaging, living brain, 814,823,868 BACE inhibitors potential, 125 site-specific proteases identification, 10,66 American Home Products (Madison, NJ), Immunex stock sale, 912 American Society of Gene Therapy, clinical trial guidelines, 581 Amgen (Thousand Oaks, CA) Easdaq listing, 132 erythropoietin patent infringement lawsuit, 483,581 HySeq (Sunnyvale, CA) connection, 912 Aminopeptidase N/CD13, tumor necrosis factor fusion, 1131,1185 Amyloid β-protein, in vivo imaging, 814,823,868 Amylose production, transgenic potatoes, 481,551 Analgesics, 387,473(Err) Anchored strand displacement amplification, 136,199 Anesta (Salt Lake City, UT), Cephalon purchase of, 912 Aneuploidy rates, 715 Angiogenesis inhibition, platelet-derived growth factor binding molecule, 1026,1065 Angioplasty, therapeutic DNA delivery, 1130,1181 Anhydrobiotic engineering, 137,145,168,473 Anopheles mosquito, green fluorescent protein insertion, 813 Antibiotic resistance gene removal, transgenic plants, 1130,1172 Antibiotics, β-peptides application, 479 Antibodies affinity maturation, by ribosome display, 1232,1287 transgenic plants production of, 1131,1151 Antibody arrays, antibody–antigen interaction screening, 914,932,989 Antibody-based nanoprobe, benzopyrene tetrol, 703,764 Antibody engineering germline-derived CDR sequences recombination, 815,852 phage display, 11,75 Antifungal activity, KP4-transgenic wheat, 371,446 Antigen presentation, cationic and fusion peptide enhancement, 1232,1269 Antigen-presenting cells, targeted antigen delivery to, 915,974 Anti-gene peptide nucleic acid, nuclear localization, 250,300 Anti-HER2/neu peptide mimetic, 137,194 Anti-IgE therapy, pharmacological basis, 157 Antimicrobial peptides, colorimetric assay, 137,225 Antioxidants, novel carotenoid production, 814,825,843 Antisense methods Fas expression reduction, liver, 814,862 psoriasis reversal, 480,521 in RNA amplification, 371,457 RNase P activation, 11,58 Aplysia californica, MALDI-TOF MS, 137,172 Applied immunology, enhanced antigen presentation, 1232,1269 Apoptosis antisense protection, Fas expression reduction, 814,862 caspase function, mathematical model, 703,717,768 Aptamers as diagnostic reagents, 1233,1293 fluorophore coupling and in vitro selection, 1233,1293 Aquatic environments, mutagen detection, transgenic zebrafish, 11,21,62 Arabidopsis thaliana genetic polymorphisms database, 701 metabolic profiling, 1131,1142,1157 methylmercury phytodetoxification, 136,213 Arthritis research, recent patents, 103 Artificial antigen-presenting cells, 370,405 Artificial corneas, 9 Artificial hemoglobin, 1231 Astaxanthin production, metabolic engineering, 814,825,843 Athersys (Cleveland, OH), Elan Corp joint venture, 245 Atomic force microscopy, haplotyping, 703,713,760 “Atomic-GM,” 245 Attachment P regions, 370,442 Australia, GM food labeling rules, 911 Aventis Pharma (Frankfurt, Germany), Millennium alliance, 817 Avermectin, engineered production, 914,980 Avidin maize, insect pest resistance, 586,670 Axonal regeneration, porcine xenografts, 914,925,949

B BACE inhibitors, Alzheimer's disease therapy potential, 125 Bacillus species identification, 813 Bacillus thuringiensis. See Bt crops Bacterial artificial chromosomes actinomycetes integration, 251,343 basis for large-insert shuttle vector, 1233,1311 engineering by ET recombination, 1233,1314 Bacteriophage display. See Phage display Barley Erysiphe graminis, stable transformation, 136,146,205 BAY 50-4798 interleukin 2 variant, 1131,1197 Benzopyrene tetrol, antibody-based nanoprobe for, 703,764 Best mode requirement, patents, 1113 (βα)₈-barrel proteins, 1025 β-carotene increase, transgenic tomato plants, 587,666,825 β-cells, liver as surrogate for, 585 β-defensins, stimulation by L-isoleucine, 1231 β-galactosidase complementation assay, receptor dimerization, liver cells, 137,218 β-galactosidase expression, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, 251,321 β-lactamase fusion protein degradation, 1232,1298 β-secretase Alzheimer's disease drug target, 10,66,125 gene discovery, 16 mass spectrometry, 10,66,559(Err) B102000 meeting protest, 475 Bioartificial organs, 1021 Biochem Pharma (Laval, Quebec) deal, 720,909 Biochips, recent patents, 901 BioCryst Pharmaceuticals (Birmingham, AL), executive jailed, 1024 Biodesulfurization success, 701 Biodiversity, COCERAL report, 17 Bioethics, reform proposals, 1237 Bioinformatics, 902 changing marketplace, 1247 customer base, 1247 data mining relationship, 237 in silico biology, 1147 and Molecular Applications Group demise, 144 network analysis of S. cerevisiae proteins, 1232,1242,1257 patent litigation, 1009 plant metabolic profiling, 1131,1142,1157 protein function computation, 27 Biological weapons Protocol, 806,1125 Biopharmaceuticals benchmarks, 831 transgenic plants use, 1131,1151 Bioplastics, 490 Bioprospecting inequities, 1123 Yellowstone National Park, 583 Bioremediation mouse metallothionein engineering, 586,600,661 organic mercury, 136,213 tetrachloroethylene, 702,775 Biosafety Protocol, 17,360 Montreal consensus, 239,253 “precautionary approach,” 360,697 Biosensors nanomolar protein concentrations, 1026,1037,1091 transduction of molecular recognition to optical signals, 1233,1293 Biosciences High Level Group, 582 Biotechnology Caucus revived, 911 Biotechnology Exploitation Platform Programme, 807 Biotechnology financing, 131 need for broad product portfolio Biotechnology parks, 270 BioTie Therapies (Turku, Finland), 699 BioTransplant (Boston, MA), Novartis merger, 1128 Bioweapons convention, 806 “Blue gene” computer, 8 Bombyx mori, transgenesis using piggyBac, 10,81,559(Err) Bone graft engineering, 914,929,954,959 Bone marrow, liver cell derivation, 135 Bos gaurus cloning, 1129 BountyQuest (Boston, MA), “market-based patent reform,” 1229 Bovine fetal fibroblasts, cloning, 594,599 Bovine serum albumin, encapsulated delivery system, 11,24,52 BPAG1 locus, homeoprotein regulation, 702,746 BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations, universal DNA array detection, 481,561 British Biotech (Oxford, UK) downsizing, 699 marimastat disappointment, 245 new focus on antibiotics, 821 Bt crops black swallowtail butterfly larvae unaffected, 701 Environmental Protection Agency new rules, 133 EU court overrules French ban, 487 field tests on managing resistance, 251,266,339 German government ban, 374,476 Greenpeace lawsuit enters spin cycle, 920 Greenpeace petition rejected, 582 India grants clearance, 582 new monarch butterfly study, 1025,1030 refuge strategy field tests, 251,266,339 Bt rice, field performance, 1027,1101 Bubble Jet technology, DNA microarray fabrication, 370,384,438

C N-cadherin, fibrin matrices incorporation of, 371,415 Cadmium bioremediation, 586,600,661 Cadus Pharmaceuticals, 1021(Err) Caliper Technologies, suit against Aclara BioSciences (both in Mountain View, CA), 1229 Cambridge Antibody Technology (Cambridge, UK), Human Genome Sciences deal, 366 Cambridge Antibody Technology (Melbourn, UK), phage technology patent upheld, 809 Cambridge Drug Discovery (Cambridge, UK), 1125(Err) Cambridge Research Instrumentation, 559(Err) Canada, biotechnology public attitudes, 943 Cancer therapy adenovirus oncolysis, 703,723 herceptin peptide mimetic, 137,194 immunostimulatory DNA vaccines, 480,491,509 interleukin-2 T-cell selective variant, 1131,1197 platelet-derived growth factor binding molecule design, 1026,1065 and TAP expression, malignant cell recognition, 481,491,515 tumor-associated antigen-loaded dendritic cells, 1232,1273 tumor necrosis factor targeted delivery, 1131,1185 Cantab (Cambridge, UK), 1238 company up for sale, 1238 failure of TH-GW vaccine, 1238 Capillary zone electrophoresis, kinase activation measurement, 250,262,309 Carbohydrate-based constructs, medicinal potential, 815,835 Carbon nanotube probes, in haplotyping, 703,713,760 Cargill (Minneapolis, MN), lawsuit settlement, 699 Carotenoid biosynthesis E. coli system, hydroxycarotenoid production, 814,825,888 molecular breeding, 702,750,825 tobacco flower astaxanthin production, 814,825,888 Caspases, apoptosis role, mathematical model, 703,717,768 Cat-cloning program, 366 Cationic peptides improved antigen presentation, 1232,1269 transgenic plant expression, disease resistance, 1130,1162 Caton, Greg, 247 Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, 13,363,579,915,995 CCR5, in paramagnetic proteoliposomes, 587,649 CD18 trials disappoint again, 817 cefEF replacement, cephalosporin production, 814,857 Celera Genomics (Rockville, MD), 475  Drosophila melanogaster genome sequence contamination news, 582 Human Genome Project relations, 693 human genome sequencing announcement, 133 joint genome completion announcement, 810 mouse genome sequencing, 1229 Celgene (Warren, NJ), Signal Pharmaceuticals deal, 809 Cell electroporation. See Electroporation Cell Genesys (Foster City, CA), Genzyme General merger scrapped, 132 Cell membrane protein identification, DNA microarrays, 479 Cell purging, pulsed electric fields method, 815,882 Celltech Group megamerger, 7 Cellular aging, cloned cow study, 594,599 Cephalon (West Chester, PA), Anesta purchase, 912 Cephalosporins, environmentally safe production, 814,857 Chemotaxis, organizational states, 575 Chimeraplasty, engineered herbicide-resistant maize, 481,555 Chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotide, dystrophin gene repair, 586,615 Chimpanzee genome project, 810 China, Bio-Island proposal, 708 Chip-based diagnostics E. coli RNA expression analysis, 1232,1241,1262 Chiral chemical production drugs, and side effects, 1239 enantioselective enzymes directed evolution, 250,317 Chiron (Emeryville, CA), PathoGenesis purchase, 1023 Chloroplasts, human somatotropin production, 250,333 Cholera, essential bacterial gene identification, 702,740 Chromatin insulator, retroviral gene vector protection, 913 Chromatin protein–DNA interactions, identification in vivo, DamID technique, 371,379,424 Chromoplasts, carotenoid pathway alteration, 814,825,888 Chromosomal analysis for in vitro fertilization, 1231 Chromosome cloning, 1027,1086 Citrate overproduction, transgenic plants enhanced phosphorus uptake, 370,450 Clinical research participants, US protection plans, 709 Clinical trials conflict-of-interest “management,” 1029 new recommendations, 1237 Cloning animal production challenges, 1045 conservation use, Asian ox, 1129 in vitro system, pigs, 1027,1055 nonuniformity in, 5 public attitudes, 935,939,943 recent patents, 351 senescent bovine fetal fibroblasts, 594,599 X inactivation, female animals, 5 COCERAL report, 17 Colorimetric assay, antimicrobial peptides, 137,225 Combinatorial chemistry recent patents, 463 tissue engineering compound, 250,261,304,473(Err) Combinatorial libraries, protease substrates synthesis method, 136,149,187,559(Err) Comparative genomics computational approaches, 587,609 SCL enhancers, 136,148,181 Complementarity-determining region sequence recombination, antibody engineering, 815,852 Complex carbohydrates, medicinal potential, 815,835 Complexity problem, 575 Computational genomics, 587,609 Concatemers, adeno-associated virus vector expansion, 480,497,527 Conflicts of interest, NIH, FDA rules, 1029 Connecticut's BioBus, 798 Consumers Union, science-based policy shortcomings in, 5 Controlled-release systems, protein delivery, 11,24,52 Coral, bone regeneration scaffold, 914,929,959 Corixa (Seattle, WA), buys Coulter Pharmaceuticals (S. San Francisco, CA), 1230 Cornea, artificial equivalents, 9 Corning (Corning, NY), DNA chip business, 1023 Coulter Pharmaceuticals (S. San Francisco, CA), bought by Corixa (Seattle, WA), 1230 CpG motif, DNA-based vaccines, 480,491,509 Cre recombinase, large phage antibody library production, 11,75 CREB binding protein, 1026,1080 Criminal offender DNA databanking, 695 Cryopreservation intracellular trehalose, mammalian cells, 137,145,163 vitrification approach, vascular grafts, 250,296 Crystallographic screening, novel ligands, 1026,1105 CuraGen (New Haven, CT) S. cerevisiae functional map, 246 subsidiary launched, 700 Curis merger, 376 Cutaneous inflammation resolution, and macrophage elimination, 10,25,48 Cyclohexylcarbonyl CoA biosynthetic gene cluster identification, 914,980 Cystic fibrosis G-protein-coupled receptors gene transfer targeting, 586,635 recombinant Sendai virus gene transfer, 914,970 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulatory gene, 1131,1213 Cytotoxic T-cell induction artificial antigen-presenting cells, 370,405 DNA-based vaccine, 480,491,509 engineered enhancement, 915,974 by enhanced antigen presentation, 1232,1269 HIV peptide epitopes phage display, 814,873 inhibitor rational design, 914,984 and TAP expression, cancer therapy, 481,491,515

D DamID technique, protein-DNA interactions identification, 371,379,424 Data mining, 237 Databases, European legal protection, 907 Deacetoxycephalosporin C, environmentally safe production, 814,857 Deal valuation and structuring, 719,909 Defensins, fungal pathogen protection for potato, 1233,1307 Deinococcus radiodurans, bioremediation use, 10,85 Denaturing HPLC, induced mutations detection, 371,455 Dendritic cells nonviral transfection, 1232,1273 superactivated, potent antigen presentation, 1232,1269 targeted antigen delivery to, 915,974 Denmark, commercial plant biotechnology moratorium, 139 Dermal fibroblast transduction, bone formation, 701 Desiccation tolerance, trehalose expression, 137,145,163,473 DeveloGen/HepaVec deal, 699 Directed evolution hydantoinase enantioselectivity inversion, methionine production, 250,317  Kauffman patent, 373 novel enzymes, 1026,1039,1071 single-chain antibody fragments, 1232,1287 stress-resistant retroviral vectors, 1233,1244,1279  T-cell receptor stability, 703,754 Discovery science, 359 Display technology, applications in protein analysis, 1233,1251 Divalent metal ions, stochastic sensing, 915,1005 DNA chips. See DNA microarrays DNA cloning, homologous recombination in E. coli, 1233,1314 DNA computing, 249 DNA damage, antibody-based nanoprobe, 703,764 DNA databanking, criminal offenders, 695 DNA delivery hyperthermostable eubacterium histone-like protein, 1131,1211 intra-arterial polymer-coated stents, 1130,1181 synthetic systems, 33 DNA diagnosis, fiber-optic gene arrays, 10,91 DNA ligands, sequence-specific, 1245 DNA methylation, and epigenesis, 243 DNA microarrays Bubble Jet fabrication, 370,384,438 cell membrane protein identification, 479 gene detection use, 1129 genome-directed primers, 587,679 large-scale protein functional analysis, 371,393 and modified PCR, mutation detection, 481,561 technology, patent lawsuit, 1230 tRNA hybridization, structural influence, 1209(Err) DNA chips. See also Chip-based diagnostics E. coli RNA expression analysis, 1261 DNA mismatch detection, electrocatalysis, 1027,1042,1096 DNA-overhang cloning, 703,789 DNA-protein interactions, identification in vivo, DamID technique, 371,379,424 DNA restriction enzymes, storage constraints reexamination, 243 DNA sequencing, atomic force microscopy, 703,713,760 DNA shuffling, molecular engineering of retroviral vectors, 1233,1244,1279 DNA transfection enhancement of, 815,893 hyperthermostable eubacterium histone-like protein reagent, 1131,1211 synthetic delivery systems, 33 DNA transposition, in vitro method, 11,97 DNA vaccines cytotoxic lymphocyte stimulation, cancer, 480,491,509 rhabdovirus protection, fish, 1130,1145,1177 Dog-cloning program, 366 Dopaminergic neuron generation, embryonic stem cells, 587,675 Doramectin, engineered production, 914,980 Double-stranded RNA, heritable gene silencing, 815,896 Drosophila melanogaster gene targeting, 813 heritable gene silencing using dsRNA, 815,896 sequencing “done,” 365 transgenic pest control system, 479 Drug delivery conditional aggregation domain-proinsulin fusion protein, 249 intra-arterial release stents, angioplasty, 1130,1181 Drug development, single-nucleotide polymorphism maps, 481,505 Drug discovery, crystallographic ligand screening, 1026,1105 Drug pricing and e.commerce, 693 Drug receptor identification, high-performance affinity beads, 815,877 Drug screening, 1025 Duchenne muscular dystrophy, point mutation repair, chimeric oligonucleotide, 586,615 DuPont (Wilmington, DE), Monsanto lawsuit, 476 Dystrophin, point mutation repair, chimeric oligonucleotide, 586,615,1209(Err) e-pharmacies, 693

E East Asia, genomics initiatives, 278 Ecogen, acquisition by Monsanto, 1227 Eco-terrorism penalties, 582 Edible vaccines hepatitis B, 1130,1141,1167 pig gastrointestinal virus, 367 transgenic plants production of, 1130,1141,1151,1167 Elan Corp. (Dublin), Liposome (Princeton, NJ), purchase, 367 Electrocatalysis, DNA mismatch detection, 1027,1042,1096 Electroporation hematopoietic stem cell selection, 815,882 monitoring technique, 368 Elementary flux modes, 251,267,326 Embryonic stem cells. See also Human embryonic stem cells derivation from human blastocytes, 370,381,399,559(Err) inducing factors effect on differentiation of, 1129 mouse cloning, 135 neuron generation, 587,675 possibilities/perplexities, 827 spinal cord repair, 701 Enantioselectivity inversion, hydantoinase directed evolution, 250,317 Enzyme directed evolution, 1026,1039,1071 Enzyme screening, three-hybrid system, 480,544 Epidermal growth factor receptor, dimerization monitoring, 137,218 Epigenomics, 243 Epitope binding, peptide-binding peptides, 11,71 Epstein–Barr virus basis for large-insert shuttle vector, 1233,1311 episomal maintenance elements, 1233,1311 Erysiphe graminis, DNA-mediated transformation, 136,146,205 Erythropoietin patent infringement lawsuit, 483,581 streptogramin-regulated expression, 1131,1203 Escherichia coli homologous recombination, 1233,1314  hydroxycarotenoid production, 814,825,843 metabolic networks analysis, 1121 regulon engineering, lycopene production, 480,533 RNA expression analysis, 1232,1241,1262 Estonian genome law, 1135 Ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutagenesis, 371,455 N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, transgenic zebrafish detection of, 11,21,62 European biotechnology growth, and government policies, 605,807 European Commission, GM regulations struggle, 705 European Patent Office “opposition proceedings,” 899 patent mistake admission, 366 European Union biosciences panel appointments, 582 orphan drug regulations, 582 political opposition to GM legislation feared, 589 Evolutionary processes. See Directed evolution EvoTec BioSystems (Hamberg, Germany), Oxford Assymetry purchase, 912 External guide sequences, RNase P activation, 11,58

F Factor XIIa peritoneal implant, hemophilia A, 251,264,289 Factor XIIIa, in fibrin matrices peptide incorporation, 371,415 Fas expression reduction, antisense oligonucleotide, hepatitis protection, 814,862 Fas-mediated apoptosis, targeted antigen delivery engineering, 915,974 FcγR inhibition, lupus erythematosus prevention, 702,735 FcγRI receptor, 10,25,48 Fiber-optic gene arrays, in DNA diagnosis, 10,91 Fibrin matrices, neurite extension enhancement, 371,415 Fibroblast growth factor fusion protein, heparin-independent mitogenic activity, 586,641 Fibroblasts, intracellular trehalose cryopreservation, 137,145,163 Fields, Stan, 8 Filamentous bacteriophage fd, 814,873 First Genetic Trust (Chicago, IL), 1236 FK506-binding protein purification, 815,877 Flow cytometry, directed enzyme evolution, 1026,1039,1071 Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) cAMP-induced phosphorylation visualization, 250,262,313 enzyme function-based isolation, 1026,1039,1071 wavelength-shifting hybridization probe, 1130,1191 Fluorescent antibody labeling, 1129 Fluorescent nucleotide labeling, 251,345 Food and Drug Administration biotech food policy, 15,590 xenotransplantation blood products plan, 258 Framingham Genomic Medicine formed, 818 France genomics program, 375 refusal to implement patent directive, 820 Functional genomics computational approaches, 587,609 and display technology, 1233,1251 E. coli RNA expression analysis, 1232,1241,1262 and metabolic flux analysis, 251,267,326 nonpathogenic microbes, 1026,1049 plant metabolic profiling, 1131,1142,1157 protein interactions, 1232,1242,1257 Functional motifs, and structural genomics, 251,283

G G-8 leaders, GM foods lack of agreement, 923 G-protein-coupled receptors gene transfer vector target, 586,635 in paramagnetic proteoliposomes, 587,649 G-protein signaling, integral membrane protein monitoring, 1027,1075 GAL system in S. cerevisiae, metabolic engineering, 1232,1283 Garden State Cancer Center, 1127 Gemini Genomics (Cambridge, UK), SNP-centered collaborations, 475 Gelsinger, Jesse, UP lawsuit settled, 1230 Gene amplification, cis-acting aps in tobacco rDNA, 1233,1303 Gene delivery. See DNA delivery Gene discovery, microarray technology, 1129 Gene expression “genome array” analysis, 1232,1241,1262 in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, 251,321 massively parallel signature sequencing, 586,597,630 temperature-regulated system, 370,429 Gene function, structural genomics link, 251,283 Gene fusion, 27 Gene patenting, 469,683 French refuse to implement EU directive, 820 new US rules, 921 rational limits, 805 Gene regulation, increased galactose consumption, 1232,1283 Gene repair, chimeric oligonucleotides, herbicide resistance, 481,555 Gene silencing, dsRNA use, 815,896 Gene targeting and gene transfer, mammals, 928 two-photon microscope approach, 1025 Gene therapy adeno-associated virus vector expansion, 480,497,527 adenovirus vector modification, 136,150,176 adverse event reporting, 8,700 albino mutation, 10,20,43 American Society of Gene Therapy guidelines, 581 coronary angioplasty DNA-eluting stents, 1130,1181 cystic fibrosis, Sendai virus vector, 914,970 experimental bias, 573 G-protein-coupled receptor targeting, 586,635 genomic DNA delivery, 1233,1311 goal-directed research problem, 573,1021 investigation begins, 143 minimal transcription activators, 1026,1080 and nerve function restoration, 368 poliovirus vector, spinal cord, 915,930,964 public confidence in, 123 rhabdovirus immunoprophylaxis, fish, 1130,1145,1177 scrutiny increases, 377 severe combined immunodeficiency success, 592 spleen necrosis virus vector, 587,623 stabilization of retroviral vectors, 1233,1244,1279 streptogramin-based system, 1131,1203 synthetic DNA delivery systems, 33 topical delivery, hair follicles, 371,420 tumor-associated antigens, presentation by dendritic cells, 1232,1273 UPenn ends IHGT trials, 700 US Senate subcommittee inquiry widens, 254 Gene therapy death and gene therapy scrutiny, 254,377 investigation begins, 143 lawsuit, 1136, 1230 US Senate inquiry, 254 Gene transfer cytotoxic T-cell induction, 370,405 G-protein-coupled receptor targeting, 586,635 site-specific targeting, mammals, 928 spleen necrosis virus vector, 587,623 Gene trap, homeoprotein-regulated locus identification, 702,746 Genentech (South San Francisco, CA), patent lawsuit settled, 7 Genetic engineering, in European seed firms, 578 Genetic information, security of, 1236 Genetic testing heterozygous mutations, 479 insurance use, UK permission, 1127 Genetically modified organisms biopharmaceutical production, 1131,1151 European Commission regulations, 705 European Patent Office ruling, 131 European politicians block progress, 918 European Union application delays, 253 FDA policy, 15 food labeling uninformation, 1018 gene-based bigotry against, 357 GMOCARE program, 476 importance to European seed firms, 578 international panel on, 367 Italian debate, 1137, 1229 Japan mandatory testing, 131 Montreal “biosafety protocol” consensus, 239 National Academy of Sciences report, 486 protest roundup, 7,131,245,365,475,581,699,809,911,1023,1127,1229 public attitudes, 935,939,943,945 regulatory terms debated, 484 risk assessment, 241,242 tragedy of the “commoners,” 2 US labeling policy, 375,590 and US Presidential campaign, 1119 US State restrictions, 1023 and world food security, 361 GenHomme program, 375 Genistein production, 137,208,559(Err) Genome Canada, 129 Genome-directed primers, 587,679 “Genome industry,” 803 Genome modification, 1245 Genome sequencing, 493 Genomics designer science in, 127 nonpathogenic microbes, 1026,1049 patent rational limits, 805 recent patents, 685 revolution in, 127,471 SCL enhancers, vertebrates, 136,148,181 Genomics companies Clinton/Blair statement effect on, 469 new competencies evolution, 153 Genzyme General (Cambridge, MA), Cell Genesys merger scrapped, 132 Germline engineering, 1115 Germline gene therapy, AAAS cautions, 1127 Geron Corp (Menlo Park, CA) UK Dolly patents issued, 256 xeno pigs funding re-direction, 1033 GFB-111 molecule, 1026,1065 Gibberellin biosynthesis, transgenic trees, 702,784 Gingival fibroblast transduction, bone formation, 701 Gliadin T-cell epitope identification, 337 Gliatech (Cleveland, OH), 710,1023 Glucose metabolism, microPET technique, 587,655 Glycoconjugates, medicinal potential, 815,835 Glycosylation, code identified, 135 GMOCARE program, 476 Goat cloning attempt, 133 GoldenRice, 911 Green fluorescent protein fusion proteins degradation, 1232,1298 phosphorylation visualization in vivo, 250,262,313 recent patents, 567 tumor growth and metastasis imaging, 249 ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent proteolysis quantification, 481,494,538,807 Greenpeace, activities on biotechnology companies, 1227 Bt crops petition rejected, 582 FrankenTony, 1229 Guangzhou International Bio-Island, 708 Guilford Pharmaceuticals (Baltimore, MD), 710,1023

H Hair follicles albino mutation correction, 10,20,43 topical lipoplex transgene delivery, 371,420 Haplotyping atomic force microscopy, 703,713,760 drug response and disease risk prediction, 1134 Hatch-Waxman Act debated, 710 Health biotechnology, future of, 1225 Heavy metals, metallothionein bioremediation, 586,600,661 Hematopoietic stem cells lentivirus vectors in, 813 pulsed electric fields purging of, 815,882 T-cell generation, thymic organoid, 702,714,729 Hemoglobin, artificial, 1231 Hemophilia A coagulation defect, in vivo bypass, 251,264,289 Heparin-independent FGF-1 fusion protein, mitogenic activity, 586,641 Hepatitis oral vaccine, transgenic potatoes, 1130,1141,1167 Hepatitis therapy, antisense oligonucleotide, 814,862 Hepatocytes, reversible immortality, 368 Herbicide genetic modification, risk assessment, 241,242 Herbicide resistance, chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides, 481,555 Herbicide tolerance gene suppression, 915,995 Herceptin, peptide mimetic, 137,194 High-affinity T-cell receptor proteins, 585 High-throughput screening antibody arrays, 914,932,989 peptide/protein microarrays, 371,393 proteasome activity, 1232,1298 recent patents, 797 HIV infection, drug treatment progress, 466 HIV-1 peptide epitopes phage display, cytotoxic T-cell response, 814,873 HIV-1 protease dimerization inhibition, 815,847 Hoffmann-La Roche, Taq patent invalid, 7 Homeoproteins, target gene identification, 702,746 Human artificial chromosomes, greater than megabase-sized inserts, 1027,1086 Human Combinatorial Antibody Library, 1232,1287 Human embryonic stem cells derivation from blastocytes, 370,381,399,559(Err) NIH offers guidelines, 1035 Nuffield Council on Bioethics report, 475 UK set to allow research, 1034 University of Wisconsin distribution of, 366 US government doublespeak, 573 US Senate subcommittee hearings, 583 Human genome, 365 Celera Genomics announcement, 133, 475 sequencing debate continues, 475 Human Genome Project Celera Genomics relations, 693 gene sequencing landmarks, 9 genome first draft, 803 joint genome completion announcement, 810 Human Genome Sciences (Rockville, MD) albumin fusion technology, 1238 Cambridge Antibody Technology deal, 366 purchase of Principia Pharmaceuticals (Norristown, PA), 1238 Human Research Protection Office created, 709 Hybrid rice, Bt endotoxin expression field performance,1027,1101 Hybridization probes, fluorescence technique, 1130,1191 Hydantoinase, enantioselectivity inversion by directed evolution, 250,317 Hydroxycarotenoids, combinatorial biosynthesis, 814,825,843 Hyperthermostable eubacterium histone-like protein, gene transfer reagent, 1131,1211

I IBM deal with First Genetic Trust, 1236 life sciences investment, 1024 SNP Consortium membership, 245 Ice nucleation protein, in oral vaccine development, 586,645 Iceland, genetics research diversification, 247 Immune Response (Carlsbad, CA), 1235F Immunoassay, two-photon excitation microvolume technique, 480,548 Immunoblot analysis, and peptide-peptide interactions, 11,71 Immunoglobulin E, 157 Immunomedics (Morris Plains, NJ), 1127 Imutran (Cambridge, UK), 1128 Industry–academia research agreements, 1235 In silico biology, challenges, 1147 In vitro evolution, carotenoid biosynthesis, 702,750 In vitro fertilization cloned pig production, 1027,1055 pig litter update, 1227 In vivo footprinting, ligation-mediated PCR, 1026,1108 India Bt cotton clearance, 582 rice genome sequencing project, 132 Inflammation resolution, macrophage elimination, 10,25,48 Initial Public Offerings financing bonanza set to continue, 922 follow-on market downturn, 591 Neuer Markt, 488 Ink jet technology, DNA microarray fabrication, 370,384,438 Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor antisense oligonucleotides, psoriasis reversal, 480,521 Integral membrane protein interactions, G-protein fusions in monitoring of, 1027,1075 Intellectual asset management, 565 Interferon alpha, fusion with albumin, 1238 Interleukin-2 T-cell-selective variant, cancer therapy, 1131,1197 Intermolecular recombination, adeno-associated virus vectors, 480,497,527 Internet false postings, 1030,1031 Internet stock trading, and misinformation, 357 Intrachromosomal homologous recombination, DNA deletion induction, 370,442 Information technology Derwent Biotechnology Abstracts database, 1247 Genetic Engineering News database, 1247 Introns, gene targeting strategy, 913 In vitro fertilization, chromosomal analysis for, 1231 Ireland, biotechnology startups, 273 Iron oxide, and progenitor cell in vivo tracking, 371,383,410 Isis Pharmaceuticals (Carlsbad, CA), antisense compounds, 19 Isoflavone synthase, identification and expression, 137,208,559(Err) Italy GMO ban could spread, 1137 GMO debate, 1229 GMO products disagreement, 919, 1227 L-isoleucine, stimulation of β-defensins, 1231

J Japan biotechnology budget boost, 142 biotechnology venture capital boom, 256 cloning law fails, 581 embryonic stem cell research approval, 246 GMO mandatory testing, 131 human cloning ban, 366 proteomics agenda, 16 public attitudes, 945 Job compensation, biotechnology core facility personnel, 686

K Kauffman patent, 373 Keratinocytes, intracellular trehalose cryopreservation, 137,145,163 Kinases activation measurement, single cells, 250,262,309 fluorescent phosphorylation indicator, in vivo, 250,262,313 KP4-transgenic wheat, stinking smut disease resistance, 371,446 Krebs, John, 367

L Lab-on-a-chip devices, “015 patent,” 1229 Laboratory test patents, physician proposals, 707,1021 Lambda repressor, protein dimerization, 815,847 Laminin, fibrin matrices incorporation of, 371,415 Laser-induced fluorescence, kinase activation measurement, 250,262,309 Latex beads, drug receptor identification, 815,877 Layoffs, advantages of, 106 Lentivirus vectors, in hematopoietic stem cells, 813 Ligation-mediated PCR, in vivo footprinting, 1026,1108 Lilly v. Barr case, 1113 Linearity of response, charge accumulation, 1318(Err) Liposome (Princeton, NJ), Elan Corp. purchase, 367 Liposomes, topical transgene delivery, hair follicles, 371,420 Liver cells, bone marrow derivation, 135 Loss of heterozygosity, single-nucleotide polymorphisms array analysis, 915,1001 Lycopene production, metabolic engineering, 480,533 Lysosomal proteases, mass spectrometry, 10,66

M Macrophage elimination, cutaneous inflammation resolution, 10,25,48 Magnetic resonance imaging gene expression in vivo visualization, 251,321 progenitor cells in vivo tracking, 371,383,410 Malaria, biotech trends and challenges, 111 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry mutation detection, tagged in vitro-synthesized peptides, 11,95 peptide measurement in organelles, 136,172 single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, 1131,1213 Mammalian artificial chromosomes. See Human artificial chromosomes Marimastat's demise, implications, 1138 Mass spectrometry, β-secretase-like activity, 10,66,559(Err) Massively parallel signature sequencing, 586,597,630 Marrow stromal cells, bone graft engineering, 914,929,959 Mast cell generation, 913 Materials engineering, 828 Mathematical model, caspase function in apoptosis, 703,717,768 Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, 1138 “McCafferty” patent, 809 Meningococcal meningitis pathogenesis, 1129 merA and merB expression, in phytoremediation, 136,213 Mercuric reductase, in bioremediation, 10,85 Mercury pollution, phytoremediation, 136,213 Mergers, valuation and structuring, 719 Messenger biopesticide, 595 Metabolic engineering carotenoid biosynthesis, 702,750,814,825,843,888 hydroxycarotenoid production, 814,825,843 industrial fermentation optimization, 1232,1283 lycopene production, 480,533 Metabolic flux analysis, 251,267,326 Metabolic networks, structural analysis, 1121 Metabolic pathways, context dependence, 575 Metabolic profiling, A. thaliana genotypes, 1131,1142,1157 Metallothionein, in bioremediation, 586,600,661 Methylmercury, phytoremediation, 136,213 Microarrays. See DNA microarrays Microbead arrays, DNA sequencing, 586,597,630 Microbial genomics, 1026,1049 Microelectronic chip, anchored multiplex amplification, 136,199 MicroPET imaging, rat brain, 587,655 Microscale sample preparation, solid phase formats, 104 Microtubule-binding molecule, and cell regeneration priming, 250,261,304 Microvolume detection, two-photon excitation in, 480,548 Millennium (Cambridge, MA), Aventis Pharma alliance, 817 Molecular Applications Group demise, 144 Molecular beacons, 1130,1191 Molecular breeding, carotenoid biosynthetic pathways, 702,750 Molecular engineering, signal-transducing aptamers, 1233,1293 Molecular evolution. See Directed evolution Moloney murine leukemia virus, adenovirus vector modification, 136,150,176 Monkey twins, 135 Monsanto (St. Louis, MO) DuPont lawsuit, 476 GMO products lawsuit, 8 initial public offering, 1230 Mycogen jury verdict dismissed, 811 Novartis lawsuit settled, 7 Pharmacia & Upjohn merger, 141 rice data released to academia, 484 Montreal “biosafety protocol” consensus, 239 Morpheus molecule, 602 Motor neurons, poliovirus vector gene delivery, 915,930,964 Mouse Genome Consortium, 1229 Mucosal candidiasis protection, transgenic bacterial commensal,1027,1038,1060 Multivalent mucosal vaccine, 586,645 Mutagen detection, transgenic zebrafish, 11,21,62 Mutation detection electrocatalysis, 1027,1042,1096 MALDI-TOF method, 11,95 c-myc antigen peptide nucleic acid, 250,300 Mycobacterium genitalium , genome-wide transposon mutagenesis, 9 Myoseverin, 250,261,304

N Nanotechnology benzopyrene tetrol nanoprobe, 703,760 DNA transfection enhancement, 893 in haplotyping, 703,713,760 NIH initiative discussion, 821 protein analyte detection, 1026,1037,1091 National Bioethics Advisory Commission (Washington, DC), 1237 Neisseria meningitides virulence genes, 1129 Nerve damage, gene therapy, 368 Nerve regeneration, fibrin matrices in, 371,415 Netherlands, The biotech support, 246,1240 coalition government, biotech policy, 1240 Neuer Markt, IPO activity, 488 Neural progenitors embryonic stem cell lines, 370,381,399,559(Err),1231 in vivo tracking, MRI, 371,383,410 Neuronal imaging, microPET technique, rat brain, 587,655 New Zealand, de facto GMO ban, 810 Newfound Genomics joint venture, 366 Nitrogen regulon metabolic engineering, lycopene production, 480,533 Non-GM futures market opens, 700 Nonviral transfection, dendritic cells, 1232,1273 Nuclear localization signal c-myc anti-gene peptide nucleic acid linkage, 250,300 retroviral vectors, 587,623 Nuclear transfer. See also Cloning animal production challenges, 1045 in vitro pig cloning, 1027,1055 Nucleotides, fluorescent-dye labeling, 251,345 Nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein, 370,433

O Obesity research, recent patents, 232 Obligate biotrophs, DNA-mediated transformation, 136,146,205 Oct-4 expression, embryonic stem cells, 370,381,399 Office for Human Research Protections (Washington, DC), 1237 Oilseed rape plants, herbicide tolerance gene suppression, 915,995 Olfactory ensheathing cells, porcine xenotransplantation, 914,925,949 Oligonucleotide arrays. See DNA chips; DNA microarrays “Omic” revolution, 127,471 Oncolytic viruses, 703,723 Oocytes membrane fusion method, 585 spindle imaging and enucleation, 137,223 “Opposition proceedings,” 899 Oral vaccines. See Edible vaccines Orchid Biosciences (Princeton, NJ) deal, 809 Orphan drugs, European Union's new regulations, 582 OSI Pharmaceuticals, 1021(Err) Osteogenesis, bone graft engineering, 914,929,954,959 Overhang-cloning, 703,789 Oxford Assymetry (Abingdon, UK), EvoTec purchase of, 912 Oxford Gene Technologies (Oxford, UK), gene chip battle, 477

P P2Y₂ receptor, 586,635 p53 gene Bubble Jet microarray fabrication, 370,384,438 mutation detection, electrocatalysis, 1027,1042,1096 p300/CBP transcriptional co-activators, 1026,1080 Pain relief, 387,473(Err) Pancreatic β-cells, liver as surrogate, 585 Paragenetics, 602 Paramagnetic proteoliposomes, 587,649 Pararetroviral sequence integration, 363,579 “Parthenogenesis,” 810 Patents best mode requirement, 1113 debate over, 1319 European “opposition proceedings,” 899 gene sequences, 469,683, 1319 and intellectual asset management, 565 need for public support, 1319 next generation of, 1009 physician proposals, lab tests, 707,1021 publication rules, 795 recent US legislation, 229 Rehnquist Doctrine effects, 101 State Street issue, 1009 USPTO revised guidelines, 349,461 PathoGenesis (Seattle, WA), Chiron purchase of, 1023 Pathogenesis-related gene expression, transgenic plants, 703,779 Peptide arrays, large-scale functional analysis, 371,393 Peptide-binding peptides, selection and application, 11,71 Peptide libraries, protein-protein interaction inhibitor selection, 815,847 Peptide nucleic acid, nuclear localization signal linkage, 250,300 Peptides, MALDI-TOF MS, in organelles, 136,172 Pesticides, joint venture deal, 132 Phage display antibody arrays, 914,932,989 coding formats, 1233,1251 Cre-recombinase expressing bacteria, 10,75 HIV-1 peptide epitopes, cytotoxic T-cell response, 814,873 large antibody library production, 11,75 minimal transcriptional activators identification, 1026,1080 recent patents, 1321 Parkinson's, rotenone pesticide, 1229 Patents, “market-based reform” via new website, 1229 Pharma mergers, biotech companies adapt, 487 Pharmacia & Upjohn (Peapack, NJ), Monsanto merger, 141 Pharmacogenomics, single-nucleotide polymorphism maps, 481,505 Phenylpropanoid pathway, 137,208 Phosphorus acquisition, and transgenic plant citrate overproduction, 370,450 Phosphorylation, fluorescent indicator, in vivo, 250,262,313 Phylogenetic patterns, 609 Phytopathogen resistance, transgenic plants, 1130,1162 Phytoremediation, organic mercury, 136,213 piggyBac, silkworm germline transformation, 10,81,559(Err) Pig cloning nuclear transfer procedures, 1144 PPL Therapeutics (Edinburgh, UK) announcement, 365 somatic cell nuclear transfer, 1027,1055 Pioneer Hi-Bred (Des Moines, IA), lawsuit settled, 699 Plant patents, Europe ratification, 129 Plasmin, substrate specificity determination, 136,149,189,599(Err) Plastid transformation aadA-free plants, 1130,1172 human somatotropin production, 250,333 Platelet-derived growth factor, binding molecule design, anticancer drug, 1026,1065 Pluripotent embryonic stem cells. See Embryonic stem cells Pol-Scope, 137,223 Polyketides, engineered production, 914,980 Poly (lactide-co-glycolide), protein stabilization in, 11,24,52 Polymer-coated intra-arterial DNA-eluting stents, 1130,1181 Polymer foam creation, 368 Polymerase chain reaction and DNA microarrays, mutation detection, 481,561 fragment fluorescent labeling, economic method, 233 GAL genes in mutant S cerevisiae strains, 1232,1283 prerequisites, 5 Populus tree genetic engineering, gibberellin biosynthesis, 702,784 Porcine endogenous retrovirus data, xeno debate renewed, 1032 Porcine xenografts, spinal cord, 914,925,949 Portugal, biotechnology startup promotion, 276 Positron emission tomography, in vivo neuronal activation, rat, 588,655 Potatoes. See Transgenic potatoes PowderJect Pharmaceuticals (Oxford, UK), 1024 The precautionary principle, 360,697 Probe ligation, RNA, 703,791 Pro-drug releasing system, 1025 Proteasome, recognition of ubiquitinated proteins, 1232,1298 Proteasome inhibitors, green fluorescent protein quantification, 481,494,538 Protein arrays, antibody-antigen interaction screening, 914,932,989 Protein C, sepsis treatment success, 917 Protein degradation, control by mutant ubiquitin moieties, 1232,1298 Protein delivery, PLGA encapsulation method, 11,24,52 Protein-DNA interactions. See DNA-protein interactions Protein folding, functional importance, 251,283 Protein function computational methods, 27,587,609 DamID technique, 371,379,424 large-scale microarray analysis, 371,393 structural genomics link, 251,283 Protein interactions β-galactosidase complementation assay, 137,218 display technology for analysis of, 1233,1251 Saccharomyces cerevisiae network analysis, 1232,1242,1257 Protein kinase A activation measurement, single cells, 250,262,309 fluorescent phosphorylation indicator, in vivo, 250,262,313 Protein-protein interactions dissociative inhibitor, 815,847 G-protein fusions in monitoring of, 1027,1075 Proteinase, combinatorial screening method, 136,149,187 Proteins nanomolar detection in solution, 1026,1037,1091 nuclear import and export detection, 370,433 Proteoglycan-FGF-1 fusion protein, heparin-independent, mitogenic activity, 586,641 Proteoliposomes, 587,649 Proteomics display technologies, 1233,1251 Japan's agenda, 16 MALDI-TOF MS, 136,172 network analysis of S. cerevisiae proteins, 1232,1242,1257 probe approaches, 1041 Provitamin A increase, transgenic tomato plants, 587,666,825 Prozac patent case, 1113 single-isomer form, 1239 Pseudomonas stutzeri silver crystals synthesis, 9 tetrachloroethylene degradation, 702,775 Psoriasis, reversal of, IGF-I antisense oligonucleotides, 480,521 Public attitudes, 499,905,935,939,943,945,1125(Err) Public biotech 99 survey, 499 Publication rules, patent applications, 795 Pulsed electric fields, hematopoietic stem cell selection, 815,882 Putrescine, amyloid β-protein BBB permeability, 814,823,868

Q Quantum dots, 829 QUEST system, 480,544

R RACHITT technology, 701 Radioactive waste, bioremediation, 10,85 Ralstonia eutropha, in bioremediation, 586,600,661 Rapigene purchased, 132 Rational design, cytotoxic T-cell inhibitors, 914,984 Receptor dimerization, β-gal complementation assay, live cells, 137,218 Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) changes, 811 Recombinant Factor VIII, supply shortage questioned, 1133 Recombinant proteins, expression in transgenic plants, 1233,1303 Recombinant viruses, DNA shuffling for stress resistance, 1233,1244,1279 Recombination, in large phage antibody library production, 11,75 Red fluorescent protein, structure of, 1231 Rehnquist Doctrine, 101 Remune (anti-HIV drug), battle over negative data, 1235 Replicative adenovirus oncolysis, 703,723 Research & development budgets, public biotech 99 survey, 499 Research tools, NIH tech transfer rules, 131 Resistance markers, removal in transgenic plants, 370,442 Restriction enzymes, storage constraints reexamination, 243 Retroviral vectors DNA shuffling for stress resistance quiescent cell gene transfer, 587,623 Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer, cytotoxic T-cell induction, 370,405 Retroviruses, adenovirus vector modification, 136,150,176 Reverse transcriptase PCR, prerequisites, 5 R-fluoxetine (single-isomer form of Prozac), 1239 Rhabdovirus immunoprophylaxis, DNA vaccine, fish, 1130,1145,1177 Ribosome display, antibody evolution and in vitro selection, 1232,1287 mRNA amplification, in gene profiling, 371,457 RNA expression, E. coli, oligonucleotide arrays, 1232,1241,1262 RNA-overhang cloning, 703,789 RNA probe ligation, 703,791 RNase P activation, intracellular mRNA cleavage, 11,58 “Rosetta Stone” proteins, 609 Rotenone, organic pesticide, 1229

S Saccharomyces cerevisiae functional map completed, 246 GAL system manipulation, 1232,1283 network of protein interactions, 1232,1242,1257 Salary survey, 686 Salicylic acid, transgenic plants overproduction, 703,779 Salmon, transgenic, 143,473(Err) Salmonella carrier vaccine, surface-displayed viral antigens, 586,645 San Francisco bay area, biotechnology activity, 280 Scanio, Alfonso Pecoraro, 919 Schering AG (Germany), bioprospecting bad faith, 1123 Science education, 359 SCL enhancers, comparative genomics, 136,148,181 Scytalone dehydratase detection, three-hybrid system, 480,544 Seizures, microPET imaging, rat, 587,655 Semiconductors, 828 Sendai virus, cystic fibrosis gene transfer vector, 914,970 Senescent bovine fetal fibroblasts, cloning, 594,599 Sepracor (Marlborough, MA), chiral drugs, 1239 Sepsis, protein C treatment, 917 Serine protease, combinatorial screening method, 136,149,187 Serotonergic neuron generation, embryonic stem cells, 587,675 Severe combined immunodeficiency, gene therapy, 592 SharDNA creation, 1032 Signal Pharmaceuticals (San Diego, CA), Celgene deal, 809 Signal transduction, molecular recognition to optical signals in aptamers, 1233,1293 Silkworm, transgenesis using piggyBac, 10,81,559(Err) Silver crystals, bacterial synthesis of, 9 Sindbis virus, temperature-regulated DNA expression, 370,429 Singapore, genome program, 809 Single-chain antibody fragments, directed evolution by ribosome display, 1232,1287 Single-chain antibody gene injection, rhabdovirus immunoprophylaxis, fish, 1130,1145,1177 Single-chain Fv in antibody engineering, 815,852 in phagemid vector, antibody library production, 11,75 transgenic bacteria delivery, mucosa, 1027,1038,1060 Single-enantiomer drugs, 1239 Single-nucleotide polymorphisms atomic force microscopy, 703,713,760 drug response and disease risk prediction, 1134 electrocatalysis detection, 1027,1042,1096 MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, genotyping, 1131,1213 and pharmacogenomics, 481,505 tumor loss of heterozygosity evaluation, 915,1001 Site-specific gene transfer, mammals, 928 Somatotropin, tobacco chloroplasts production of, 250,333 Soybean isoflavone synthase, gene identification and expression, 137,208 Spinoffs, versus startups, business models, 570 Spinal cord mouse embryonic stem cells repair of, 701 poliovirus vector gene delivery, 915,930,964 regeneration of, 249 transgenic pig xenografts, 914,925,949 Spleen necrosis virus, gene transfer, 587,623 Starch structure, transgenic potatoes, amylose production, 481,551 State Street patent litigation, 1009 Stem cells. See also Embryonic stem cells in vivo tracking, MRI, 371,383,410 possibilities/perplexities, 827 T-cell generation, thymic organoid, 702,714,729 Stinking smut disease, KP4-transgenic wheat resistance, 371,446 Stochastic sensing, divalent metal ions, 915,1005 Stoichiometric network analysis, 251,267,326 Strand displacement amplification, 136,199 Streptogramin-based gene regulation, 1131,1203 Structural genomics business models, 905,1017 commercialization limits, 1036 funding boost, 1127 gene function link, 251,283 Japan-US international collaboration, 581 Syngenta, 14 Syntaxin 1a binding, 1318(Err) Systemic acquired resistance, transgenic plants, salicylic acid overproduction, 703,778 Systemic lupus erythematosus prevention of, FcγR inhibition, 702,735 soluble cytokine receptor as inhibitor of, 585 Systems approach, in silico biology

T T-cell generation, thymic organoid, 702,714,729 T-cell receptor stability, directed evolution, 703,754 Taco dispute, 1136 TAP expression, tumor cell recognition, 481,491,515 Taq patent invalid, 7 Tardigrades, 145 Targeted gene transfer, mammals, 928 Targeted Genetics (Seattle, WA), Genovo purchase, 911 Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes method, 371,455 Tat peptide-derivatized magnetic particles, in vivo tracking, 371,383,410 Technology Catalysts International (Falls Church, VA), 1239 Telomerase reverse transcriptase cancer risk association, 813 in tissue engineering, 10,22,39 transplanted adrenocortical cells expression of, 10,22,39 Temperature-inducible gene expression, 370,429 “Terminator” technology, US Department of Agriculture talks, 911 Tetrachloroethylene degradation, 702,775 Tetracycline-repressible system, 1131,1203 TH-GW vaccine, failure of, 1238 Therapeutic cloning, 475 Three-hybrid system, biocatalyst detection, in vivo, 480,544 Thrombin, substrate specificity determination, 136,149,187,559(Err) Thymic organoid, human T-cell generation, 702,714,729 Tilletia tritici disease, KP4-transgenic wheat resistance, 371,446 TILLING method, 371,455 Tissue engineering bone grafts, 914,929,954,959 microtube-binding molecules, 250,261,304 telomerized cells, 10,22,39 TnAraOut method, 702,740 Tn5 transposon, insertional mutagenesis, 11,97 Tomato plant biogineering, provitamin A elevation, 587,666 Total RNA extraction, 579 Toxin sensing, mouse model, 913 Transfection. See DNA transfection Transcription enhancement, herbicide-resistant acetolactate synthase gene, 1233,1303 Transcriptional control, minimal activator identification, 1026,1080 Transforming growth factor β1, bone graft engineering, 914,929,954 Transgene silencing, 602 Transgenic commensal bacteria, mucosal candidiasis protection, 1027,1038,1060 Transgenic fish, 143,473(Err) Transgenic frogs, in environmental testing, 9 Transgenic pigs, spinal cord xenografts, 914,925,949 Transgenic plants. See also Transgenic potatoes, tobacco avidin expression, pest toxicity, 586,670 biopharmaceutical production, 1130,1141,1151,1167 carotenoid pigment production, 814,825,888 enhanced phosphorus uptake, 370,450 field tests on managing resistance, 251,266,339 fungus protection by defensins hepatitis B edible vaccine, 1130,1141,1167 phytopathogen resistance, 1130,1162 resistance marker gene removal, 370,442 salicylic acid overproduction, 703,779 Transgenic potatoes antifungal defensin gene expression, 1233,1307 hepatitis B edible vaccine production, 1130,1141,1167 phytopathogen resistance, 1130,1162 very-high-amylose production, 481,551 Transgenic rice beta-carotene production, 135 Bt endotoxin expression, field performance, 1027,1101 Transgenic tobacco antibiotic resistance gene removal, 1130,1172 enhanced phosphorus uptake, 370,450 gene amplification in, 1233,1303 hot temperature tolerance, 249 Pursuit herbicide resistance, 1233,1303 resistance marker gene removal, 370,442 salicylic acid overproduction, 703,779 Transgenic tomato plants, provitamin A elevation, 587,666 Transgenic trees, increased gibberellin biosynthesis, 702,784 Transgenic wheat, stinking smut disease resistance, 371,446 Transgenic zebrafish, mutagen detection, 11,21,62 Transplastomics, somatotropin production, 250,333 Transposon essential bacterial gene identification, 702,740 silkworm germline transformation, 10,81 Tn5 insertional mutagenesis, 11,97 Transthyretin inhibitor, rational design, 368 Trehalose and desiccation tolerance, 137,145,168,473 mammalian cell cryopreservation, 137,145,163 Triplex-forming oligonucleotides, 1245 Tumor-associated antigens, presentation by dendritic cells, 1232,1273 Tumor necrosis factor α, targeted delivery, 1131,1185 Tumor suppression, herceptin peptide mimetic, 137,194 Tumor therapy. See Cancer therapy Two-dimensional PAGE strategy, 1041 Two-photon excitation, in bioaffinity assays, 480,548 Two-photon microscope gene targeting, 1025 Tyrosinase gene point mutation, correction of, 10,20,43

U Ubiquitin–proteasome pathway green fluorescent protein quantification, 481,494,538,807 and protein degradation, 1232,1298 Universal microarray analysis, BRCA1/BRCA2, 481,561 University of Wisconsin, human embryonic stem cell distribution, 366 Urokinase inhibitors, crystallographic screening, 1026,1105 US Department of Agriculture biotechnology advisory panel, 245,486 “terminator” technology” talks, 911 testing lab planned, 476 US National Institutes of Health, nanotechnology initiative discussion, 821 US Patents and Trademarks Office gene sequences patents, 469 revised patent guidelines, 349,461 US Stem Cell Research Act of 2000, 573

V Vaccinia protein interactions, two-hybrid analysis, 585 Vaginal candidiasis protection, transgenic bacterial commensal, 1027,1038,1060 Valigen merger, 378 Vascular grafts, vitreous cryopreservation, 250,296 Verticillium dahliae, potato pathogen, 1233,1307 Vibrio cholerae , essential gene identification, 702,740 Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, 1130,1145,1177 Viral vector development, new strategy, 913 Vitreous cryopreservation, vascular grafts, 250,296

W Wavelength-shifting molecular beacons, 1130,1191 Web-wise activism, 123

X X-ray crystallography, novel ligand screening, 1026,1105 Xenopus transgenics, 136,148,181 Xenotransplantation FDA blood products plan, 258 promise of, 1011 recent patents, 1219 telomerized cells, 10,22,39 transgenic pigs, spinal cord repair, 914,925,949 US Department of Health and Human Services revised guidelines, 699

Y Yeast signature data, Web URL, 1021(Corr) Yellowstone National Park, bioprospecting, 583 Y3K bug, 1

Z Zebrafish transgenic system, mutagen detection, 11,21,62 Zovant, sepsis treatment success, 917